A Recent and Systemic Approach Towards Microbial Biodegradation of Dyes from Textile Industries

Abstract

The textile industry generated a series of synthetic dyestuffs that threatened environmental protection. Azo dyes, widely utilized in textile, paper, fruit, leathers, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceutical fields, account for most of the dyestuffs made. Since they have colour fastness properties, stability, and susceptibility to oxidation, existing effluent treatment methods cannot entirely strip different dyes from effluents. Under certain environmental factors, bacteria decolourize and degrade dyes. The treatment process is cheap, environmentally safe, and can be used on various dyes. However, textile plant wastewater can produce many polluting chemicals and dyes. Environmental legislation is increasingly being enacted to regulate mainly azo-based dyes in the environment. The potential of the microbes for the decolourization of dyes and metabolizing them is long-known knowledge. The toxic components of dyes challenge a potential threat to all the living forms of life. Though both natural and synthetic dyes are used for the colourization of textiles, only synthetic ones are challenging to decolourize. Microbial-based bioremediation of dyes has been studied and reviewed primarily to accelerate dye degradation. The various piece of the literature revealed that the majority of these dye removal microbes belong to mainly white-rot fungi, a consortium of anaerobic bacteria. In addition to this, there are several (genetically engineered microorganisms) GEMs that remediate dyes efficiently. Here in the current review, the authors have tried to bridge the existing gap in the bioremediation of dyestuff. Moreover, the authors have also tried to provide the latest trend in this field. This study will surely benefit the industries and researchers related to dyestuffs by maintaining eco-friendly approaches.

Composting textile sludge using PGPRs grown sugarcane bagasse in a solid state bioreactor- a next step towards zero discharge of waste from textile industry

“…The selection of either method mainly depends on the composition of wastewater and sludge. Decolourization of textile waste by means of biological methods includes the use of plants, fungi, bacteria, algae and their consortium (Kadam et al, 2018a;Patel et al, 2022). The potential microorganisms to decolourise textile dyes have already been reported by Saratale et al (2011).…”

Scallion Peel Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Nano fertilizer and Photocatalyst for Removal of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater

“…Among the most widely used dyes in scientific laboratories are methylene blue [29][30][31][32], while in the textile aniline dyes, azo dyes, etc. These dyes are discharged into the water bodies leading to various harmful effects, which, in long term, may cause skin diseases and cancer [33]. Thus, there is a need to remediate these dyes, especially methylene blue dyes, which are commonly used in science laboratories and disposed of into the sewage system without treating it.…”

“…Several attempts were made by different investigators the removal of MB dye from wastewater or from simulated wastewater. For instance, Patel and their team emphasize the removal of textile dyes from wastewater by microbial approach [33]. Gnanamoorthy and their team also showed the potential of photocatalytic nanocomposites for the removal of MB dyes from wastewater [34].…”

Deleterious Effect of Air Pollution on Human Microbial Community and Bacterial Flora: A Short Review

“…However, these bacterial cells are 1000 times smaller than human cells and comprise only ~2% (1.5 kg) of a healthy adult human body mass. Usually, those bacterial cell numbers may vary from person to person [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Figure 1 shows organ-specific bacteria in the human body.…”