A recombinant chimera composed of R1 repeat region of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae P97 adhesin with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit elicits immune response in mice

Immune Responses Induced by Replication-Defective Adenovirus Expressing the C-Terminal Portion of theMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeP97 Adhesin

“…As a more successful example, vaccination with the FimH adhesin of uropathogenic E. coli reduced in vivo colonization of the bladder mucosa by the pathogen up to 99% in the murine cystitis model (20). However, pure adhesins generally elicit poor immune responses and need to be administered together with an immunostimulative carrier molecule or vector (6,42). The initial event in M. hyopneumoniae pathogenesis is its adherence to the cilia of the respiratory tract epithelial cells (46), which is mediated by specific regions of adhesins, such as the R1 motif located in the C-terminal portion of P97 (15,24).…”

“…The mechanism by which antibodies inhibit the growth of M. hyopneumoniae remains unknown, and thus, we cannot rule out the possibility that P97c-specific IgA could interfere with the pathogen in vivo and specifically during the adherence process. Conceicao et al (6) have shown that immunization of mice with pure recombinant R1 of P97 adhesin did not induce specific systemic and mucosal antibodies to R1. In contrast, immunization with the R1 region fused to the B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of E. coli (rLTBR1) produced high levels of specific antibody and cellular responses.…”

“…To develop the next generation of M. hyopneumoniae vaccines, several research groups are pursuing different strategies, including subunit vaccines (6,18) and utilization of bacterial or plasmid vectors expressing M. hyopneumoniae proteins (4,5,32). Some immunodominant antigens of M. hyopneumoniae have been identified.…”

Characterization of aSalmonellaTyphimurium ghost carrying an adjuvant protein as a vaccine candidate for the protection of chickens against virulent challenge

“…As the LTB protein is genetically coupled with the ghost cells, it might be associated with improved presentation of the coupled Salmonella Typhimurium antigens by antigen-presenting cells, thereby enhancing the induction of antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses (Martin et al, 2001;Ekong et al, 2009). The role of the LTB protein as a mucosal adjuvant has been widely studied (Freytag & Clements 2005); however, because LTB binds to the GM1 receptors of all dividing eukaryotic cells, it can act as an adjuvant protein via parenteral delivery (Yamamoto et al, 1997;Agren et al, 1999;Weltzin et al, 2000;Conceição et al, 2006).…”

Oral Administration Recombinant Bifidobacterium-LTB (B Subunit of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin) Enhances the OVA (Ovalbumin)-Specific sIgA in Jejunal Mucosa of Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rat

“…LTB is a nontoxic molecule with potent biological properties and is a powerful mucosal and parenteral adjuvant that induces a strong humoral and mucosal immune response against co-administered antigen or coupled antigens [8,9,15,[17][18][19]. The adjuvant mechanism of LTB appears to be related with its capacity to: 1) enhance antigen presentation via MHC class I and MHC II; 2) activate selective differentiation of lymphocytes; 3) influence DCs maturation and activation; 4) induce B7-2 expression on APCs for subsequent co-stimulatory signaling to CD4 + T cells and; 5) increase the expression of activation markers on B lymphocytes (MHC class II, B7, CD40, CD25 and ICAM-1) [4,20].…”