The drawback of modulation ratio limitation in selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) technology based on Walsh function transformation. In order to solve this problem, a multiband SHEPWM control technology method for a multilevel inverter based on Walsh functions is proposed. By analyzing multiband SHEPWM for multilevel inverter voltage waveforms under a Fourier series transform, the unified nonlinear multiband SHEPWM equations for a multilevel inverter with a modulation index varying from 0 to 1 can be generalized. The equations can be solved by Walsh function transform. In this way, the difficulties faced in expanding the modulation index, online calculation, and real-time control are resolved simultaneously. A seven-level inverter is taken as the example, for which the piecewise linear equations of Walsh functions under different bands and the trajectories of switching angles are given. Meanwhile, the conditions for multiple sets of solutions at such a point where the modulation index is switched over are also taken into account. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by simulation based on MATLAB and SIMULINK. Finally, the feasibility of the practical application is proved by the experiment based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP).