A Red Carpet for Iron Metabolism

Muckenthaler, Martina U.; Rivella, Stefano; Hentze, Matthias W.; Galy, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.034

Cited by 1,009 publications

(1,113 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(247 reference statements)

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“…In murine models, a hormone named erythroferrone (ERFE) has been identified as the hepcidin suppressing agent produced by erythroblasts [9,31]. In humans, the ERFE ortologue encoded by the gene FAM132B seems also involved in hepcidin suppression under conditions of increased erythropoiesis [32,33], although in combination with other factors still poorly characterized [23]. Finally, inflammation strongly stimulates hepcidin synthesis through several interleukins (IL), mainly IL-6 [34] and IL-1β [35].…”

Section: Pathophysiological Advances In Iron Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regulation of hepcidin and ferroportin expression at molecular level is quite complex, and its description is beyond the scope of this article (for comprehensive reviews see [22][23][24]). From a clinical standpoint, hepcidin production is modulated by a number of physiological and pathological conditions that can exert opposite influences [25].…”

Section: Pathophysiological Advances In Iron Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

et al. 2017

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Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is extremely frequent worldwide, representing a major public health problem. Iron replacement therapy dates back to the seventeenth century, and has progressed relatively slowly until recently. Both oral and intravenous traditional iron formulations are known to be far from ideal, mainly because of tolerability and safety issues, respectively. At the beginning of this century, the discovery of hepcidin/ferroportin axis has represented a turning point in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of iron metabolism disorders, ushering a new era. In the meantime, advances in the pharmaceutical technologies are producing newer iron formulations aimed at minimizing the problems inherent with traditional approaches. The pharmacokinetic of oral and parenteral iron is substantially different, and diversities have become even clearer in light of the hepcidin master role in regulating systemic iron homeostasis. Here we review how iron therapy is changing because of such important advances in both pathophysiology and pharmacology.

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Section: Pathophysiological Advances In Iron Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiological Advances In Iron Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

et al. 2017

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“…Expired RBCs are destroyed by the reticuloendothelial system and replaced by new RBCs. 7,8 The production of RBCs requires iron for hemoglobin synthesis, which is mainly recycled from iron stored pools in the reticuloendothelial system. For blood donors, iron is loosening with the blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of iron for red blood cells production is from the recycling of red blood cell destruction by macrophages. [6][7][8] Because of the duration of red blood cell restoration, regular blood donations can be repeated every 3months. Each blood donation will cause a loss of about 200-250mg of iron per blood unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Supplements and Iron Status in Frequent Blood Donors

Sarakul¹

2017

HTIJ

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Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a public health problem worldwide, which can cause by nutrition deficiency, blood loss, and regular blood donation. This study aims to evaluate the hematological parameters and serum ferritin of Thai male blood donors.Methods: Eighty-nine male blood donors were divided into three groups according to their frequency of blood donation: a group of 30 cases for first time donors (group I), a group of 30 cases for donors who have donated 3-6 times (group II), and a group of 29 cases for donors who have donated more than six times (group III). Blood was collected for hematological parameters and for serum ferritin testing by immunological assay.Results: The results showed that the level of serum ferritin tended to decrease with the frequency of blood donation. The level of serum ferritin in blood donors who donated more than six times but did not take a full dose of iron supplements (43.2+25.0µg/L), statisticasignificant decreased when compared with the first donated group (75.4+40.2µg/L) (p=0.03). However, all hematological parameters were not significantly different among these 3 groups. Prevalence of iron depletion without anemia in group II and III were 6% and 3.4%, respectively. Only one donor in group III was iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion:This study shows that blood donation may lead to iron depletion and iron deficiency anemia, especially in more frequent donors. Iron supplements or dietary iron is required after a donation for iron level maintenance and iron deficiency prevention.

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“…Normalmente el varón adulto tiene 4 g y la mujer adulta 3 g de hierro en el organismo. Cada día se produce 20 mL de sangre, la cual contiene 6 g de hemoglobina y 20 mg de hierro (19) .…”

Section: Gonzales Gf Et Alunclassified

Necesidades de investigación para el diagnóstico de anemia en poblaciones de altura

Gonzáles

Fano

2017

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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RESUMENTanto la deficiencia como la sobrecarga de hierro son situaciones que ponen en riesgo la salud y la vida de las personas, por lo que es importante mantener su homeostasis. Como la hemoglobina contiene 70% del hierro del organismo, la OMS recomienda su medición para determinar la prevalencia de anemia por deficiencia de hierro (ID), a pesar que ellos mismos reconocen que la anemia no es específica de ID. Como la hemoglobina aumenta con la altitud de residencia, la OMS recomienda corregir el punto de corte para definir anemia en la altura. Una objeción a esta corrección es que el aumento de la hemoglobina en la altura no es universal ni aumenta de manera lineal. Además, las poblaciones de mayor antigüedad generacional tienen menos hemoglobina que las más recientes. En infantes, niños, gestantes y adultos, la prevalencia de anemia usando hemoglobina corregida es 3-5 veces mayor que usando marcadores del estatus de hierro. Los programas estatales buscan combatir la anemia mediante la suplementación de hierro; no obstante, resultan ineficaces, especialmente en las poblaciones de altura. Entonces, ¿hay deficiencia de hierro en la altura? Los niveles de hepcidina sérica, hormona que regula la disponibilidad de hierro, son similares a los de nivel del mar indicando que en la altura no hay deficiencia de hierro. Un problema adicional al corregir la hemoglobina por la altura, es que las prevalencias de eritrocitosis disminuyen. En conclusión, la corrección del punto de corte de la hemoglobina en la altura para determinar deficiencia de hierro es inadecuada. Palabras clave: Anemia, Deficiencia de hierro, Factor de corrección, Ferritinas (fuente: DeCS BIREME). DIAGNOSIS OF ANEMIA IN POPULATIONS AT HIGH ALTITUDES ABSTRACTIron deficiency and overload are risk factors for numerous poor health outcomes, and thus the maintenance of iron homeostasis is vital. Considering that hemoglobin contains 70% of the total iron in the body, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the measurement of iron levels to calculate the rate of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), although WHO recognizes that IDA is not the only cause of anemia. As hemoglobin increases with altitude, WHO recommends correcting the cut-off point to define anemia at high altitudes. An objection to this correction is that the increase in hemoglobin at high altitudes is not universal and is not linear. In addition, individuals in older age groups have lower hemoglobin levels than those in younger age groups. In infants, children, pregnant women, and adults, the prevalence of anemia using corrected hemoglobin is 3-5 times higher than that using markers of iron status. State programs seek to control anemia by means of iron supplementation. However, these programs are ineffective, particularly for high-altitude populations. Therefore, the occurrence of iron deficiency at high altitudes is controversial. The serum levels of the hormone hepcidin, which regulates iron availability, are similar in individuals at high altitudes to those of individuals at sea level, indicat...

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A Red Carpet for Iron Metabolism

Cited by 1,009 publications

References 196 publications

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

Iron Supplements and Iron Status in Frequent Blood Donors

Necesidades de investigación para el diagnóstico de anemia en poblaciones de altura

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