A Reduction in Maximal Incremental Exercise Test Duration 48 h Post Downhill Run Is Associated with Muscle Damage Derived Exercise Induced Pain

Abstract

Purpose: To examine whether exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) and muscle soreness reduce treadmill maximal incremental exercise (MIE) test duration, and true maximal physiological performance as a consequence of exercise induced pain (EIP) and perceived effort.Methods: Fifty (14 female), apparently healthy participants randomly allocated into a control group (CON, n = 10), or experimental group (EXP, n = 40) visited the laboratory a total of six times: visit 1 (familiarization), visit 2 (pre 1), visit 3 (pre 2), visit 4 (intervention), visit 5 (24 h post) and visit 6 (48 h post). Both groups performed identical testing during all visits, except during visit 4, where only EXP performed a 30 min downhill run and CON performed no exercise. During visits 2, 3, and 6 all participants performed MIE, and the following measurements were obtained: time to exhaustion (TTE), EIP, maximal oxygen consumption (trueV·O2max), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximum blood lactate (BLamax), and the contribution of pain to terminating the MIE (assessed using a questionnaire). Additionally during visits 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 the following markers of EIMD were obtained: muscle soreness, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), creatine kinase (CK).Results: There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.32) between any trials for any of the measures obtained during MIE for CON. In EXP, TTE decreased by 34 s (3%), from pre 2 to 48 h post (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between group (EXP, CON) and termination of the MIE due to “pain” during 48 h post (χ2 = 14.7, p = 0.002).Conclusion: EIMD resulted in premature termination of a MIE test (decreased TTE), which was associated with EIP, MVC, and VA. The exact mechanisms responsible for this require further investigation.

Training, Anthropometric, and Physiological Characteristics in Men Recreational Marathon Runners: The Role of Sport Experience

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Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate in Recreational Marathon Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study on Fox's and Tanaka's Equations

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Downhill Running: What Are The Effects and How Can We Adapt? A Narrative Review

“…Immediately after DR, large reductions in isometric MVC force/torque of KE and PF muscles are generally reported, and may vary from − 14 to − 55% for KE [ 5 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 38 , 43 , 58 – 87 ] and from − 15 to − 25% for PF [ 9 , 15 , 43 ]. Similarly, a decline in muscle performance (expressed as MVC force/torque loss or endurance capacity) was reported during isokinetic muscle actions (tested from 0.52 to 5.2 rad s −1 and from 0.52 to 2.6 rad s −1 for concentric and eccentric modalities, respectively) [ 58 , 88 , 89 ], dynamic strength measurement such as counter movement jump [ 15 , 90 ] and muscle endurance test [ 91 ].…”

“… a Decrease (% from baseline) in isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque of knee extensors after downhill running (DR); b increase (% from baseline) in blood (plasma and serum) creatine kinase (CK) concentration after DR; c delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) response (0–100 mm evaluated on visual analogue scale) for knee extensors after DR. Based on data from original research articles reporting isometric MVC force/torque decrements ( n = 37; [ 5 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 38 , 43 , 58 – 87 ]), blood CK elevation ( n = 83; [ 14 , 16 , 38 , 40 – 42 , 44 , 46 , 50 , 59 – 62 , 65 – 67 , 70 , 72 – 75 , 77 , 80 , 81 , 84 , 85 , 87 – 90 , 92 , 121 , 134 – 183 ]) and DOMS ( n = 23; [ 8 , 15 , 38 , 58 , 60 , 66 , 71 , 75 , 84 , 89 , 135 , 151 , 156 , 159 , 171 , 178 , 179 , 182 , 184 – 188 ]) responses immediately post-, 24 h post-, 48 h post-, 72 h post- and 96 h ...…”