A regulatory cascade controls Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island activation

Haag, Andreas F.; Podkowik, Magdalena; Ibarra-Chávez, Rodrigo; Sol, Francisca Gallego del; Ram, Geeta; Chen, John; Marina, Alberto; Novick, Richard P.; Penadés, José R.

doi:10.1038/s41564-021-00956-2

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Chen et al ( 45 ) showed that the induced pac -type phages φNM1, φNM2, and φNM4 of strain Newman facilitate amplification of the host DNA flanking the prophage, which could lead to horizontal gene transfer by lateral transduction ( 46 , 47 ). Moreover, the temperate phages play a key role in the spread of the SaPIs ( 48 , 49 ) and the generalized transduction of other mobile genetic elements ( 50 , 51 ). Interestingly, sncRNA004 that we identified in phage K targets the conserved sequence of mRNA that encodes the FibU upper baseplate protein of φNM1, φNM2, and φNM4, which could block the translation of this protein important for virion assembly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Bacteriophage-Host Interactions between a Kayvirus Therapeutic Phage and Staphylococcus aureus

Finstrlová

Mašlaňová

Reuter³

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Bacteriophage-Host Interactions between a Kayvirus Therapeutic Phage and Staphylococcus aureus

Finstrlová

Mašlaňová

Reuter³

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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“…As satellites are mobilized by phages and mobilizable plasmids by conjugative elements, there are other MGEs that can be mobilized by these parasites of parasites [ 26 , 27 ]. This makes them parasites of parasites of parasites of bacteria (which may themselves be parasites of Eukaryotes).…”

Section: Genomes As Playgrounds Of Mobile Genetic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selfish, promiscuous and sometimes useful: how mobile genetic elements drive horizontal gene transfer in microbial populations

Haudiquet

Sousa

Touchon

et al. 2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) drives microbial adaptation but is often under the control of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) whose interests are not necessarily aligned with those of their hosts. In general, transfer is costly to the donor cell while potentially beneficial to the recipients. The diversity and plasticity of cell–MGEs interactions, and those among MGEs, result in complex evolutionary processes where the source, or even the existence of selection for maintaining a function in the genome, is often unclear. For example, MGE-driven HGT depends on cell envelope structures and defense systems, but many of these are transferred by MGEs themselves. MGEs can spur periods of intense gene transfer by increasing their own rates of horizontal transmission upon communicating, eavesdropping, or sensing the environment and the host physiology. This may result in high-frequency transfer of host genes unrelated to the MGE. Here, we review how MGEs drive HGT and how their transfer mechanisms, selective pressures and genomic traits affect gene flow, and therefore adaptation, in microbial populations. The encoding of many adaptive niche-defining microbial traits in MGEs means that intragenomic conflicts and alliances between cells and their MGEs are key to microbial functional diversification. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Genomic population structures of microbial pathogens’.

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“…In this module the metalloprotease gene, orfQ , is not downstream of the immR -like gene, arp2 , but as with ICE Bs1 these elements are activated by DNA damage, which is probably regulated via repressor proteolysis [14]. An ImmRA-like system is also required for the activation of a staphylococcal pathogenicity island SaPI3 [36]. For this regulation module, ImmR repression is partially alleviated when Sis ( S aPI i nducer of S aPIs), a protein produced by other SaPIs, binds to ImmR but full activation only occurs with ImmA-mediated proteolytic cleavage of ImmR [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ImmRA-like system is also required for the activation of a staphylococcal pathogenicity island SaPI3 [36]. For this regulation module, ImmR repression is partially alleviated when Sis ( S aPI i nducer of S aPIs), a protein produced by other SaPIs, binds to ImmR but full activation only occurs with ImmA-mediated proteolytic cleavage of ImmR [36]. ImmRA modules are also encoded by lysogenic phages known to be activated by DNA damage [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of TnSmu1, an integrative and conjugative element, by an ImmR-like transcriptional regulator in Streptococcus mutans

King

Quick

King

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are chromosomally encoded mobile genetic elements that can transfer DNA between bacterial strains. Recently, as part of efforts to determine hypothetical gene functions, we have discovered an important regulatory module encoded on an ICE known as TnSmu1 on the Streptococcus mutans chromosome. The regulatory module consists of a cI-like repressor with a helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain immRSmu (immunity repressor) and a metalloprotease immASmu (anti-repressor). It is not possible to create an in-frame deletion mutant of immRSmu and repression of immRSmu with CRISPRi causes substantial cell defects. We used a bypass of essentiality (BoE) screen to discover genes that allow deletion of the regulatory module. This revealed that conjugation genes, located within TnSmu1, can restore the viability of an immRSmu mutant. Deletion of immRSmu also leads to production of a circular intermediate form of TnSmu1, that is also inducible by the genotoxic agent mitomycin C. To gain further insights into potential regulation of TnSmu1 by ImmRSmu and broader effects on S. mutans UA159 physiology we used CRISPRi and RNA-seq. Strongly induced genes included all the TnSmu1 mobile element, genes involved in amino acid metabolism, transport systems, and a Type I-C CRISPR-Cas system. Lastly, bioinformatic analysis shows that the TnSmu1 mobile element and its associated genes are well distributed across S. mutans isolates. Taken together, our results show that activation of TnSmu1 is controlled by the immRASmu module, and that activation is deleterious to S. mutans, highlighting the complex interplay between mobile elements and their host.

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A regulatory cascade controls Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island activation

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Bacteriophage-Host Interactions between a Kayvirus Therapeutic Phage and Staphylococcus aureus

Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Bacteriophage-Host Interactions between a Kayvirus Therapeutic Phage and Staphylococcus aureus

Selfish, promiscuous and sometimes useful: how mobile genetic elements drive horizontal gene transfer in microbial populations

Activation of TnSmu1, an integrative and conjugative element, by an ImmR-like transcriptional regulator in Streptococcus mutans

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