A relation between the chain length of fatty acids and the slowing of gastric emptying

Abstract

SUMMARY1. Test meals of solutions and suspensions of potassium and sodium salts of a series of saturated fatty acids, from C2 to C1l, were given to healthy subjects.2. From the volume of these meals recovered after a fixed interval the relative effectiveness of the salts of the acids in slowing gastric emptying was assessed.3. On a molar basis the salts of fatty acids from acetic up to decanoic were relatively ineffective in slowing gastric emptying.4. The salts of fatty acids with 12-18 carbon atoms were much more effective than those with up to 10 carbon atoms. Myristate was the most effective of the salts.5. Buffering the test meals with 33 mm sodium citrate increased the effectiveness of the salts in slowing gastric emptying.

Dose-related effects of lauric acid on antropyloroduodenal motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, appetite, and energy intake in healthy men

“…It has been established that the presence of C12 in the small intestinal lumen slows gastric emptying (16,19), stimulates isolated pyloric PWs (12), increases proximal gastric relaxation (19), suppresses antral (12,23) and duodenal motility (12), and stimulates the release of CCK (12,23) and GLP-1 (12). The current study extends these observations by demonstrating that the responses are dependent on the dose of C12 administered to the small intestine and that even very low doses of C12 have potent effects.…”

“…(16). The 0.4 kcal/min load, albeit at a lower concentration, was selected on the basis of our previous study (12) in which C12 was administered intraduodenally at 0.375 kcal/min (106 mmol) to healthy subjects and shown to potently suppress energy intake.…”

“…Likewise, it is possible that the energy load of C12 delivered to the small intestine may play a role in mediating the observed effects on APD motility, gastrointestinal hormone release, perceptions of appetite, and energy intake. The data of Hunt and Knox (16) suggest that C12 empties from the stomach at rates ranging from ϳ0.1 to 0.4 kcal/min; however, the load dependency has not been investigated.…”

“…free fatty acid; cholecystokinin; glucagon-like peptide-1; pyloric motility STUDIES UTILIZING PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS, such as tetrahydrolipstatin, to inhibit fat digestion have provided evidence that the effects of fat on gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal hormone secretion, and appetite are dependent on the presence of free fatty acids in the small intestine (4,10,11,22,27,29,33). The effects of free fatty acids on gastrointestinal function, including motility, hormone release, and energy intake (12,16,22,23), also are dependent on their acyl chain length. Hunt and Knox (16) were the first to demonstrate that fatty acids with a chain length of 12 and more carbon atoms empty from the stomach much more slowly than fatty acids containing 10 or fewer carbon atoms.…”

Reduced Food-Effect on Intestinal Absorption of Dronedarone by Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS)

“…[23][24][25] Especially, the delayed gastric emptying by food was reported to have the potential to increase absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs including DRN by increasing the time available for drug dissolution. 26,27) The high dissolution rate of DRN in weak acid in both formulations also might be contributed to diminish the formulation effect on intestinal absorption under post-prandial state. It was reported that DRN is well absorbed (≈70% to 94%) after oral administration of the marketed product, although the absolute BA of DRN is only 15% when given with food in healthy subjects.…”