A Report on the In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Vachellia karroo Leaf Extract: A Plant Widely Grazed by Goats in the Central Eastern Cape of South Africa

Abstract

Abstract:The polyphenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of aqueous and acetone extracts of Vachellia karroo leaves were determined in order to evaluate its efficacy in scavenging radicals such as DPPH, ferric reducing power and nitric oxide as an antioxidant model. The flavonols and flavonoid and phenolic content of the leaf extracts were also accessed using benchmark phytochemical reaction methods. Results of the phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids and flavonol and phenolic compounds in the leaf extracts. The total phenolic content values in the aqueous and acetone leaf extracts were 7.40 and 11.09 mg tannic acid equivalent/g of extract powder, respectively. The total flavonol and flavonoid content values of the aqueous leaf extracts were 9.90 and 53.23 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively, while those of the acetone leaf extracts were 1.18 and 5.18 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively. At 0.2 mg/mL, the values for the scavenging activities of the acetone and aqueous extracts of the V. karroo leaves were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the ascorbic acid but comparable to BHT against ferric oxide radicals. The findings from the study reveal that the antioxidative potentials of V. karroo leaf extract and could serve as free radical inhibitors, possibly acting as principal antioxidants.

Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Various Extracts of Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt used for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

“…This means that at these low concentrations, the extracts may all be used in replacement of ascorbic acid in cases where there is the scarcity of it. The NO • inhibitory activity of acetone, ethanol, boiled and cold aqueous extracts being higher than that of BHT (Table 2) indicates the comparative ability of the extracts to reduce oxidative damage to certain vital tissues in the body, this is in agreement with several other works done on other species of Helichrysum in which similar phytochemicals and antioxidants are present [45,46].…”

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“…The nitric oxide inhibitory activities of the acetone, ethanol, boiled and cold aqueous extracts being higher than that of the BHT Table 2 indicate the comparative ability of the extracts to reduce oxidative damage to some vital tissues in the body; this is in agreement with several other works that have been done on other Helichrysum species in which similar phytochemicals and antioxidant activities as found in this study were reported 45,46 . Since NO also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation 47 , H. petiolare, may, therefore, be quite effective in the treatment of hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and wound healing.…”

Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects

“…Total antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated according to pre-described assay [ 17 ] with slight modifications. A volume of 100 μL acetone extract was incorporated into 100 μL of 0.135 mM DPPH dissolved in 80 % (v/v) acetone.…”