A reporter gene assay for the detection of phytoestrogens in traditional Chinese medicine

Miller-Martini, D. M.; Chan, Robbie; Ip, Nancy Y.; Sheu, Shuenn‐Jyi; Wong, Yung Hou

doi:10.1002/ptr.767

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, much effort has gone into developing methods for the accurate quantification of phytoestrogens in plants, plant extracts, and botanicals, as well as in body tissues and fluids. The methods range from those that target specific compounds, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to UV spectroscopy and/or mass spectrometry (17,96) and immunological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (19), to methods that do not chemically identify the active compound(s), such as in vitro estrogencity tests (the rodent uterotrophic assay) (47), microtitration assays with human ER (65), or analysis of ER binding using a reporter gene assay in yeast (134). Generally speaking, HPLC with UV detection is one of the simplest methods for determination of isoflavone phytoestrogen levels, both in plant extracts and animal tissues or body fluids (119,189).…”

Section: Dixonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens

Dixon

2004

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

449

319

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▪ Abstract Collectively, plants contain several different families of natural products among which are compounds with weak estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity toward mammals. These compounds, termed phytoestrogens, include certain isoflavonoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. The best-studied dietary phytoestrogens are the soy isoflavones and the flaxseed lignans. Their perceived health beneficial properties extend beyond hormone-dependent breast and prostate cancers and osteoporosis to include cognitive function, cardiovascular disease, immunity and inflammation, and reproduction and fertility. In the future, metabolic engineering of plants could generate novel and exquisitely controlled dietary sources with which to better assess the potential health beneficial effects of phytoestrogens.

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Section: Dixonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens

Dixon

2004

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

449

319

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“…Crocin inhibits the cell growth of cancer cells [3,6,21]. Phytoestrogens are steroid-like plant compounds which may act as precursors to sex hormones [14]. In the present study, we indicated that the crude aqueous extracts from Chinese pangolin and wild pink are capable to promote the mammary gland development in immature mice although the constituents of both TCM effective in morphogenesis have remained undefined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The elements of some TCM have been isolated from natural sources, such as glycyrrhizin from liquorice [4], crocin from crocus [3], phytoestrogens from Bupleurum and Peony Formula [14]. Glycyrrhizin has been reported to have antiviral activity against SARS-associated coronavirus [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Effects of Chinese Pangolin and Wild Pink Medicines on the Mammary Gland Development in Immature Mice

Bayin

Matsumoto

Islam

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The effects of the mixture of crude aqueous extracts from Chinese pangolin and wild pink (C+P), traditional Chinese medicine, on the proliferation and differentiation of mammary gland epithelium in intact and ovariectomized immature mice were investigated by light and electron microscopy and BrdU immunohistochemistry. Although there were no significant differences in mammary gland fat pad and parenchyma areas between the intact experimental groups, the numbers of duct branchings and buds were significantly larger in the C+W treated mice than in the control mice. The ratio of BrdU immunopositive cells to total epithelial cells was higher in C+W treated intact mice. Ultrastructurally, epithelial cells of the mammary buds and ducts possessed an oval and lucent nucleus, and ribosomes increased in number or developed to a greater degree in C+W treated intact mice than in the control mice. Conversely, there were no significant differences in any measurements of mammary gland between the experimental groups of ovariectomized mice. BrdU immunoreactive cells were never seen and the ultrastructure of mammary epihelial cells indicated the inactive cell phase in both ovariectomied mice. In comparison between the intact and overiectomized mice, the mammary fat pad area was larger in the ovariectomized mice than in the intact mice, although another four measurements were larger in the intact groups. These observations suggest that administration with C+W could promote the development of mammary glands via ovary in immature mice. The mammary gland is one of the unique organ systems in mammals. The growth and differentiation of the mammary gland takes place in postnatal period and completes its morphology [5]. It is well known that various hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and prolactin regulate mammary gland development [9,16,23]. In a previous study, we observed mammary ducts with numerous branches and well-developed buds, and many epithelial cells possessed an oval and lucent nucleus, numerous mitochondria and ribosomes, well-developed rER and Golgi apparatus in ovariectomized mice administered 17- estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) [12,13].Although infectious diseases and epidemics have been dealt with comparatively easily through the development of various new medicines, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been utilized as therapeutic drugs for patients with diminished health and chronic conditions that have proven difficult to treat using Western medicine [22]. These include hypertension and diabetes as the lifestyle-related diseases, allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, and psychosomatic illnesses and stress diseases. Based on improving the self-power of healing to fix poor health conditions, TCM are used, not only in the treatment of the ailments, but also in balancing the entire human body. Therefore, TCM utilize combinations of plant-, animal-, and mineral-derived herbal medicines [22,25]. TCM alleviate health condition symptoms through the interaction of many known and unknown elements....

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“…When the effects of KSS/TSS on the serum levels of E 2 were examined, however, an increased serum E 2 concentration with a concurrently decreased FSH level was found in both of the 2 postmenopausal patients in our study. This may not be surprising, since a recent study [9] has shown that KSS contains a phytoestrogen. However, it is our impression that this fact has been overlooked in spite of the wide use of KSS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Treatment of Climacteric Symptoms with Herbal Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Pan

Kato²,

Sengoku³

et al. 2004

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not successful or is contraindicated for the treatment of climacteric symptoms in some patients. To investigate whether certain herbal formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (Kampo in Japanese) could be used as an alternative treatment, a longitudinal ‘before and after’ comparative study was carried out in 18 Japanese women, and the results were compared with those of 16 women who underwent HRT. Kampo improved all the climacteric symptoms. In contrast, improvement of cold limbs, sleeping disorders, shoulder stiffness/lumbago, and fatigue in the HRT group was either not significant or of limited extent. In addition, the serum level of estradiol in postmenopausal women was raised by the combined use of two Kampo formulas. These results suggest that Kampo may be considered an alternative to HRT for the treatment of climacteric symptoms, but vigorous monitoring for potential side effects of increased estrogen levels in some postmenopausal patients is needed.

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A reporter gene assay for the detection of phytoestrogens in traditional Chinese medicine

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Phytoestrogens

Phytoestrogens

Promoting Effects of Chinese Pangolin and Wild Pink Medicines on the Mammary Gland Development in Immature Mice

Treatment of Climacteric Symptoms with Herbal Formulas of Traditional Chinese Medicine

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