“…The importance of indoor positioning is reflected by the increasing requirements of location-based services (LBSs). Under such a background, global researchers have proposed a lot of indoor positioning methods based on different technologies, such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) [1,2], Bluetooth [3], radio frequency identification (RFID) [4], computer vision [5], ultra-wideband (UWB) [6], infrared [7], and inertial navigation systems (INSs) [8], micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs) [9], visible light [10,11], geomagnetic fields [12,13], and pseudolites [14,15], among others.…”