A Retrospective Case Series Describing the Injury Pattern of the Advanced M26 TASER in Multnomah County, Oregon

McManus, J.

doi:10.1197/j.aem.2004.02.335

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…With the studies by Hall et al and McManus et al [24,25] this gives a total of 4,387. The number of chest exposures is not clear given the information in the papers or abstracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic effects of a long duration electronic control device exposure in human volunteers

Dawes

Reardon

et al. 2010

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Electronic control devices (ECD) have become popular in law enforcement because they have filled a gap left by other law enforcement devices, tactics, or tools and have been shown to reduce officer and suspect injuries. Civilians are using the same technology for defensive purposes. TASER C2 is the latest generation civilian-marketed device from the manufacturer. Unlike the law enforcement devices, the device discharges for 30 s continuously. This study is the first to look at the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic effects of this device on human subjects. This was a prospective, observational study of human subjects involved in a training course. Subjects were exposed for 30 s on the anterior thorax. Vital signs, ECG, troponin I, pH, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) were measured before and immediately after the exposure. Troponin I, pH, lactate, and CK were measured again 24 h after the exposure. Continuous spirometry was used to evaluate the respiratory effects. Echocardiography was also performed before, during, and immediately after the exposure to determine heart rate and rhythm. Eleven subjects completed the study. There were no clinically important electrocardiogram changes and no positive troponins. Spirometry showed an increase in minute ventilation during the exposure. There was no important change in CK at 24 h. Lactate was slightly higher and pH was slightly lower after the exposure, but similar to the effects of physical exertion. Echocardiography was performed in 6 subjects. In half of these subjects, the rhythm was determined to be "sinus" and in the other half the rhythm was indeterminant. In our study, the civilian device caused a mild lactic acidosis. No other important physiologic effects were found.

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“…With the studies by Hall et al and McManus et al [24,25] this gives a total of 4,387. The number of chest exposures is not clear given the information in the papers or abstracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic effects of a long duration electronic control device exposure in human volunteers

Dawes

Reardon

et al. 2010

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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show abstract

“…The human experimental findings are supported by field use studies (3,188 uses in five studies) that have not demonstrated sudden ventricular dysrhythmias associated with the use of the devices. [27][28][29][30][31] In the study by Bozeman et al,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an Electronic Control Device Exposure on a Methamphetamine‐intoxicated Animal Model

Dawes

Cole

et al. 2010

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives: Because of the prevalence of methamphetamine abuse worldwide, it is not uncommon for subjects in law enforcement encounters to be methamphetamine-intoxicated. Methamphetamine has been present in arrest-related death cases in which an electronic control device (ECD) was used. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the cardiac effects of an ECD in a methamphetamine intoxication model. Methods:Sixteen anesthetized Dorset sheep (26-78 kg) received 0.0 mg ⁄ kg (control animals, n = 4), 0.5 mg ⁄ kg (n = 4), 1.0 mg ⁄ kg (n = 4), or 1.5 mg ⁄ kg (n = 4) of methamphetamine hydrochloride as a slow intravenous (IV) bolus during continuous cardiac monitoring. The animals received the following exposures in sequence from a TASER X26 ECD beginning at 30 minutes after the administration of the drug: 1) 5-second continuous exposure, 2) 15-second intermittent exposure, 3) 30-second intermittent exposure, and 4) 40-second intermittent exposure. Darts were inserted at the sternal notch and the cardiac apex, to a depth of 9 mm. Cardiac motion was determined by thoracotomy (smaller animals, £ 32 kg) or echocardiography (larger animals, > 68 kg). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.Results: Animals given methamphetamine demonstrated signs of methamphetamine toxicity with tachycardia, hypertension, and atrial and ventricular ectopy in the 30-minute period immediately after administration of the drug. Smaller animals (n = 8, £ 32 kg, mean = 29.4 kg) had supraventricular dysrhythmias immediately after the ECD exposures. Larger animals (n = 8, > 68 kg, mean = 72.4) had only sinus tachycardia after the exposures. One of the smaller animals had frequent episodes of ventricular ectopy after two exposures, including runs of delayed onset, nonsustained six-to eight-beat unifocal and multifocal ventricular tachycardia that spontaneously resolved. This animal had significant ectopy prior to the exposures as well. Thoracotomy performed on three smaller animals demonstrated cardiac capture during ECD exposure consistent with previous animal studies. In the larger animals, none of the methamphetamine-intoxicated animals demonstrated cardiac capture. Two control sheep showed evidence of capture similar to the smaller animals. No ventricular fibrillation occurred after the exposure in any animal. Conclusions:In smaller animals (32 kg or less), ECD exposure exacerbated atrial and ventricular irritability induced by methamphetamine intoxication, but this effect was not seen in larger, adult-sized animals. There were no episodes of ventricular fibrillation after exposure associated with ECD exposure in methamphetamine-intoxicated sheep.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:436-443 ª

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“…Amnesty Internawww.elsevier.com/locate/forsciint Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Forensic Science International 176 (2008) [253][254][255][256][257] tional claims that these weapons have been responsible for 230 such deaths [2]. While much of the previous research and field data has supported the assertion that these weapons do not cause instantaneous malignant cardiac arrhythmias from the electrical discharge, this is still an area of controversy [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In addition, there have been claims that this discharge may lead to other effects which can lead to delayed cardiovascular collapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

15-Second conducted electrical weapon exposure does not cause core temperature elevation in non-environmentally stressed resting adults

Dawes¹,

Johnson³

et al. 2008

Forensic Science International

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A Retrospective Case Series Describing the Injury Pattern of the Advanced M26 TASER in Multnomah County, Oregon

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic effects of a long duration electronic control device exposure in human volunteers

The cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic effects of a long duration electronic control device exposure in human volunteers

Effect of an Electronic Control Device Exposure on a Methamphetamine‐intoxicated Animal Model

15-Second conducted electrical weapon exposure does not cause core temperature elevation in non-environmentally stressed resting adults

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