A reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted images with pixel difference encoding

Wu, Fuhu; Zhou, Xinmei; Chen, Zhili; Yang, Baohua

doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107583

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To explore more embeddable spaces, RDHEI with a high embedding rate based on pixel prediction and intra-block pixel difference has been proposed by Wu et al [28]. They used the MED predictor to generate the predicted image and then subtracted the original image from the predicted image to obtain the difference image to obtain extra space.…”

Section: Embedding In Msbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For images with additional data, the receiver is able to extract error-free embedded data and recover encrypted images without any loss. With the constant exploration, many RDHEI schemes have been proposed [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. For instance, Yu et al [32] highlighted the importance of privacy protection for carrier images in RDHEI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RDHEI can be categorized into two frameworks: reserving room before encryption (RRBE) [17][18][19][20] and vacating room after encryption (VRAE) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Figure 1 illustrates the general flow diagram of the RRBE and VRAE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on 2D-HS Chaotic System and Full Bit-Plane Searching

Xia

et al. 2023

Symmetry

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Using the local correlation of carrier images to embed secret data in MSBs is a popular scheme for reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI). However, most existing methods based on this scheme face challenges in achieving complete compression while ensuring security. In this study, an RDHEI method that uses a two-dimensional chaotic system and full bit-plane search (FBPS) is proposed. Specifically, the content owner provides cover images and employs a chaotic system to generate chaotic sequences for inter-block non-symmetrical permutation and intra-block diffusion. The special encryption method, combined with chaos, not only preserves the correlation of pixels within a block but also ensures an extremely high level of security. The FBPS technique is applied to detect all smooth bit planes, not limited to continuous MSBs. For data embedding, ‘0’ and ‘1’ are used to record all smooth and rough bit planes to achieve thorough compression. The results of the experiment show that our proposed method provides a high level of security and achieves 2.142 bit/pixel and 2.339 bit/pixel on the typical datasets BOSSbase (Break Our Steganographic System) and BOWS-2 (Break Our Watermarking System 2nd). Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the embedding capacity has also been significantly improved.

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Section: Embedding In Msbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on 2D-HS Chaotic System and Full Bit-Plane Searching

Xia

et al. 2023

Symmetry

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“…Other methods use special reversible integer transformation mechanisms to transform some pixels into special values with LSBs of 0 to vacate room [28]. In [29], the MED predictor is used to generate a predicted image from the original image. Then, the pixel differences are encoded to make additional room.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation

Zhang,

Chen

2023

Mathematics

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The data embedding of vacating room after encryption reversible data hiding in encrypted images (VRAE RDHEI) is performed on an encrypted image without redundancy and spatial correlation. Data extraction and image recovery rely on a range of unique mechanisms that utilize spatial correlation in the decrypted domain. Of these mechanisms, pixel prediction is among the most frequently used, directly affecting the capacity and fidelity. In this paper, we propose a novel method that uses a two-round interpolation mechanism to enhance pixel prediction precision while preserving a large number of carrier pixels. In the proposed method, the content owner uses a stream cipher to encrypt the image as a carrier. The data hider flips specific LSBs of the encrypted image for data embedding. On the receiver side, the process of data extraction and image recovery is divided into two stages. In each stage, based on the varying distributions of the original or recovered pixels with the carrier pixels, the corresponding pixel interpolation schemes are used to accurately predict the pixels for data extraction and image recovery. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently improve the capacity and fidelity with full reversibility compared to existing VRAE RDHEI methods.

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“…Recently, reversible data hiding in encrypted images has been widely studied [5][6][7]. However, due to the different structures of video coding, most schemes of reversible data hiding in encrypted images are difficult to apply to video.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Separable Scheme for Encryption and Reversible Data Hiding

et al. 2022

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With the increasing emphasis on security and privacy, video in the cloud sometimes needs to be stored and processed in an encrypted format. To facilitate the indexing and tampering detection of encrypted videos, data hiding is performed in encrypted videos. This paper proposes a novel separable scheme for encryption and reversible data hiding. In terms of encryption method, intra-prediction mode and motion vector difference are encrypted by XOR encryption, and quantized discrete cosine transform block is permutated based on logistic chaotic mapping. In terms of the reversible data hiding algorithm, difference expansion is applied in encrypted video for the first time in this paper. The encryption method and the data hiding algorithm are separable, and the embedded information can be accurately extracted in both encrypted video bitstream and decrypted video bitstream. The experimental results show that the proposed encryption method can resist sketch attack and has higher security than other schemes, keeping the bit rate unchanged. The embedding algorithm used in the proposed scheme can provide higher capacity in the video with lower quantization parameter and good visual quality of the labeled decrypted video, maintaining low bit rate variation. The video encryption and the reversible data hiding are separable and the scheme can be applied in more scenarios.

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A reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted images with pixel difference encoding

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on 2D-HS Chaotic System and Full Bit-Plane Searching

High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on 2D-HS Chaotic System and Full Bit-Plane Searching

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Two-Round Image Interpolation

A Novel Separable Scheme for Encryption and Reversible Data Hiding

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