A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat, meat cooking methods, heme iron, heterocyclic amines and prostate cancer

Bylsma, Lauren C.; Alexander, Dominik D.

doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0111-3

Cited by 81 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These observations underscore the importance of evaluating prostate tumour sub‐types in studies of lifestyle factors and prostate cancer risk: men with healthier behaviours may potentially participate more in prostate cancer screening and may be more likely to be diagnosed with forms of low‐grade prostate cancer, hence obscuring any possible association. We did not find a significant association between body fatness and prostate cancer; our results indicate that meeting the specific recommendations on plant foods and animal foods was associated to lower risk of undifferentiated prostate cancer; however these observations are not supported by the current literature …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Adherence to nutrition‐based cancer prevention guidelines and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk in the MCC‐Spain case–control study

Romaguera

Gràcia-Lavedán

Molinuevo

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Prostate, breast and colorectal cancer are the most common tumours in Spain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between adherence to nutrition-based guidelines for cancer prevention and prostate, breast and colorectal cancer, in the MCC-Spain case-control study. A total of 1,718 colorectal, 1,343 breast and 864 prostate cancer cases and 3,431 population-based controls recruited between 2007 and 2012, were included in the present study. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRC/AICR) score based on six recommendations for cancer prevention (on body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods and alcoholic drinks; score range 0-6) was constructed. We used unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. One-point increment in the WCRF/AICR score was associated with 25% (95% CI 19-30%) lower risk of colorectal, and 15% (95% CI 7-22%) lower risk of breast cancer; no association with prostate cancer was detected, except for cases with a Gleason score ≥7 (poorly differentiated/undifferentiated tumours) (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99). These results add to the wealth of evidence indicating that a great proportion of common cancer cases could be avoided by adopting healthy lifestyle habits.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Adherence to nutrition‐based cancer prevention guidelines and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk in the MCC‐Spain case–control study

Romaguera

Gràcia-Lavedán

Molinuevo

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…showed increased breast density in pre‐menopausal women associated with high consumption of red meat. In 2014, the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) observed null results for their meta‐analyses of the associations between red and processed meat and prostate cancer risk, consistent with a meta‐analysis published in 2015 . In contrast, in a pooled analysis of 15 cohort studies published in 2016, Wu et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Regarding prostate cancer, our null result is consistent with two large and recent meta‐analyses of prospective studies, performed by the WCRF/AICR in 2014 18 and Blysma et al . in 2015 . In a pooled analysis of 15 cohort studies, Wu et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red and processed meat intake and cancer risk: Results from the prospective NutriNet‐Santé cohort study

Diallo

Deschasaux

Latino‐Martel

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

103

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The International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC) classified red meat and processed meat as probably carcinogenic and carcinogenic for humans, respectively. These conclusions were mainly based on studies concerning colorectal cancer, but scientific evidence is still limited for other cancer locations. In this study, we investigated the prospective associations between red and processed meat intakes and overall, breast, and prostate cancer risk. This prospective study included 61,476 men and women of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2015) aged ≥35 y and who completed at least three 24 hrs dietary records during the first year of follow-up. The risk of developing cancer was compared across sex-specific quintiles of red and processed meat intakes by multivariable Cox models. 1,609 first primary incident cancer cases were diagnosed during follow-up, among which 544 breast cancers and 222 prostate cancers. Red meat intake was associated with increased risk of overall cancers [HR =1.31 (1.10-1.55), p = 0.01) and breast cancer (HR = 1.83 (1.33-2.51), p = 0.002]. The latter association was observed in both premenopausal [HR =2.04 (1.03-4.06)] and postmenopausal women [HR =1.79 (1.26-2.55)]. No association was observed between red meat intake and prostate cancer risk. Processed meat intake was relatively low in this study (cut-offs for the 5th quintile = 46 g/d in men and 29 g/d in women) and was not associated with overall, breast or prostate cancer risk. This large cohort study suggested that red meat may be involved carcinogenesis at several cancer locations (other than colon-rectum), in particular breast cancer. These results are consistent with mechanistic evidence from experimental studies.

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“…The carcinogenic activity of meat may be mediated by the presence of mutagenic compounds; such as heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are formed during cooking at high temperatures or over flame. However, a recent meta-analysis failed to show any positive correlation between red and processed meat, cooking methods, and the concentration of heterocyclic amines with the risk of PC [49]. This observation suggests that the Western dietary pattern may have more complex interactions with PC risk than those expected for the red meat and processed meat considered as individual foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2016

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Dietary patterns were recently applied to examine the relationship between eating habits and prostate cancer (PC) risk. While the associations between PC risk with the glycemic index and Mediterranean score have been reviewed, no meta-analysis is currently available on dietary patterns defined by “a posteriori” methods. A literature search was carried out (PubMed, Web of Science) to identify studies reporting the relationship between dietary patterns and PC risk. Relevant dietary patterns were selected and the risks estimated were calculated by a random-effect model. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), for a first-percentile increase in dietary pattern score, were combined by a dose-response meta-analysis. Twelve observational studies were included in the meta-analysis which identified a “Healthy pattern” and a “Western pattern”. The Healthy pattern was not related to PC risk (OR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.04) while the Western pattern significantly increased it (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65). In addition, the “Carbohydrate pattern”, which was analyzed in four articles, was positively associated with a higher PC risk (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35–2.00). A significant linear trend between the Western (p = 0.011) pattern, the Carbohydrate (p = 0.005) pattern, and the increment of PC risk was observed. The small number of studies included in the meta-analysis suggests that further investigation is necessary to support these findings.

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A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat, meat cooking methods, heme iron, heterocyclic amines and prostate cancer

Cited by 81 publications

References 58 publications

Adherence to nutrition‐based cancer prevention guidelines and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk in the MCC‐Spain case–control study

Adherence to nutrition‐based cancer prevention guidelines and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk in the MCC‐Spain case–control study

Red and processed meat intake and cancer risk: Results from the prospective NutriNet‐Santé cohort study

A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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