Adherence to nutrition‐based cancer prevention guidelines and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer risk in the <scp>MCC</scp>‐<scp>S</scp>pain case–control study

The present study aimed to investigate associations between adherence to the recommendations on cancer prevention from the WCRF/AICR and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Morocco. Incident CRC cases (n = 1,516) and controls (n = 1,516) matched on age, sex and center, were recruited between September 2009 and February 2017 at five major hospitals located in Morocco. In‐person interviews were conducted to assess habitual diet using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, physical activity and anthropometric measurements. Adherence to the WCRF/AIRC Recommendations was ranged from 0 (no adherence) to 6 (maximal adherence) and incorporating six WCRF/AICR components (food groups, physical activity and BMI). Multivariable odd ratios (ORA) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional multivariate logistic regression models, with low adherence as referent, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Compared to those with the lowest adherence score, individuals in the highest WCRF/AICR score category had a statistically significant reduced risk for colon cancer (ORA = 0.63, 95% CI 0.53–0.76); rectal cancer (ORA = 0.52, 95% CI 0.43–0.63) and CRC overall (ORA = 0.58, 95% CI 0.51–0.66). For individual score components, when comparing the lowest with the highest adherence category, CRC risk was significantly lower in the highest adherence category for body fatness (ORA = 0.73; 95% CI 0.62–0.85), physical activity (ORA = 0.70; 95% CI 0.60–0.82), plant foods (ORA = 0.50; 95% CI 0.39–0.63) and red/processed meat (ORA = 0.81; 95% CI 0.71–0.92). Our analysis indicated that greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations for cancer prevention may lower CRC risk in Morocco.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance with the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations for cancer prevention and colorectal cancer risk in Morocco: A large, population‐based case–control study

Kinany

Huybrechts

Kampman

et al. 2019

“…A WCRF/AICR score was constructed, incorporating six recommendations for cancer prevention (body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods and alcoholic drinks). 28 The total WCRF/ AICR score ranged from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations. The score was further categorized into sex-specific tertiles according to the distribution of the score in controls.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mistimed eating patterns on breast and prostate cancer risk (MCC‐Spain Study)

Kogevinas

Espinosa

Castelló

et al. 2018

Self Cite

Modern life involves mistimed sleeping and eating patterns that in experimental studies are associated with adverse health effects. We assessed whether timing of meals is associated with breast and prostate cancer risk taking into account lifestyle and chronotype, a characteristic correlating with preference for morning or evening activity. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study in Spain, 2008–2013. In this analysis we included 621 cases of prostate and 1,205 of breast cancer and 872 male and 1,321 female population controls who had never worked night shift. Subjects were interviewed on timing of meals, sleep and chronotype and completed a Food Frequency Questionaire. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research recommendations for cancer prevention was examined. Compared with subjects sleeping immediately after supper, those sleeping two or more hours after supper had a 20% reduction in cancer risk for breast and prostate cancer combined (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.80, 95%CI 0.67–0.96) and in each cancer individually (prostate cancer OR = 0.74, 0.55–0.99; breast cancer OR = 0.84, 0.67–1.06). A similar protection was observed in subjects having supper before 9 pm compared with supper after 10 pm. The effect of longer supper‐sleep interval was more pronounced among subjects adhering to cancer prevention recommendations (OR both cancers= 0.65, 0.44–0.97) and in morning types (OR both cancers = 0.66, 0.49–0.90). Adherence to diurnal eating patterns and specifically a long interval between last meal and sleep are associated with a lower cancer risk, stressing the importance of evaluating timing in studies on diet and cancer.

“…The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) have released evidence‐based recommendations for cancer prevention related to adiposity, physical activity and diet . Overall adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations has in several studies been linked to lower risk of cancer morbidity and mortality . There are several nonmodifiable risk factors that may affect an individual's risk of cancer, including genetic susceptibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Overall adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations has in several studies been linked to lower risk of cancer morbidity and mortality. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] There are several nonmodifiable risk factors that may affect an individual's risk of cancer, including genetic susceptibility. The potential benefit of adherence to a healthy lifestyle in these subjects is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle and cancer incidence and mortality risk depending on family history of cancer in two prospective cohorts

Drake

Dias

Teleka

et al. 2019

The extent to which a favorable lifestyle may lower cancer risk in subjects with a family history of cancer is unknown. We conducted a prospective study in two Swedish cohorts, the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS; n = 25,604) and the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP; n = 16,216). The association between a favorable lifestyle (based on nonsmoking, normal weight, absence of excessive drinking, regular physical activity and healthy diet) and cancer incidence and mortality risk was assessed using Cox regression stratified by family history of cancer (all types). A favorable lifestyle was associated with a 22% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18–26%) and 40% (95% CI: 36–44%) lower risk of cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, compared to an unfavorable lifestyle. No significant effect modification by family history was observed but there was a null association between lifestyle and cancer incidence among subjects with two or more affected first‐degree relatives. The observed relative risk estimates comparing an unfavorable with a favorable lifestyle corresponded to standardized 10‐year cancer incidence rates of 11.2 vs. 9.5% in the MDCS, and 4.4 vs. 3.2% in the MPP, and a reduction in 20‐year cancer mortality rate from 11.7% to 7.4% in the MDCS and 6.7% to 3.9% in the MPP. Improved adherence to cancer prevention recommendations may reduce cancer incidence and mortality risk in the general population, however, further studies are needed to assess the impact of lifestyle on cancer incidence among subjects with strong familial or polygenic risk for specific cancers.