A Review of Adropin as the Medium of Dialogue between Energy Regulation and Immune Regulation

Abstract

Adropin is a secretory protein encoded by the energy balance gene and is closely associated with regulation of energy metabolism and insulin resistance. The clinical findings demonstrated its decreased expression in various inflammatory diseases, its negative correlation with the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and its potential anti-inflammatory effects. We speculate that adropin plays a pivotal regulatory role in immune cells and inflammatory factors. In this study, we reviewed the advances in researches concentrated on immunological effects of adropin.

Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system‐autonomic nervous system‐chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature‐based platform for chronotherapy

“…Recent studies suggest that diseases resulting from MetS, such as obesity, T2D, polycystic ovary syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and CVD may be improved by adropin treatment 7,10,11 . The proposed mechanism includes regulation of hepatic lipogenic genes and adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) 11 .…”

“…Recent studies suggest that diseases resulting from MetS, such as obesity, T2D, polycystic ovary syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and CVD may be improved by adropin treatment. 7,10,11 The proposed mechanism includes regulation of hepatic lipogenic genes and adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). 11 Adropin stimulated lipoprotein lipase (LPL) secretion in primary cultures of tilapia hepatocytes by inducing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and upregulation of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) activities.…”

“…Adropin was also shown to play a role in the regulation of various systems that are directly or indirectly associated with its metabolic regulatory functions. [7][8][9] As such, adropin contributes to the pathogenesis of several diseases.…”

“…[4][5][6] In this review, we explore the role of adropin, the ANS and the circadian rhythm in metabolic pathways and suggest a potential role for adropin as a mediator of the metabolic system-ANS axis. [7][8][9] We also present details of the possible establishment of an individualized adropin and circadian rhythm-based platform for implementing chronotherapy for improving therapy for various disorders.…”

Research Progress on the Relationship between Obesity‐Inflammation‐Aromatase Axis and Male Infertility

“…There are a variety of tissue-specific promoters in the 5′-end nontranslational region, including PI.1, PI.2a, PI.8, PI.4, PI.5, PI.7, PI.f, PI.2, PI.6, PI.3, and PII [ 19 ]. The promoter selectively splices the nontranslational area (5-UTR) of its own exons I 5′ side onto the splice site (AG/GACT) at the 38 kb upstream of the translation initiation site (ATG) on exon II ( Figure 1 ) [ 20 , 21 ]. The regulatory factors of CYP19 gene include cis-acting factors such as CRE together with ER, and trans-acting factors such as growth factor together with TBP.…”