A review of alternative approaches to the treatment of post traumatic sequelae.

Abstract

Approaches to the treatment of posttraumatic sequelae are reviewed in terms of criteria for evaluating inferential validity with case studies, and where applicable, effect sizes are provided where there are data from group compansons. The approaches covered in this paper include the Trauma Recovery Institute (TRI) Method, Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), Visual/Kinesthetic Disassociation (V/KD), and Thought Field Therapy (TFT). Internal validity of case studies on the TRI Method and V/KD appear controlled for, whereas reports on TFT do not meet internal validity criteria. Effect sizes are reported on one study that compared TIR to waitlist control and Direct Therapeutic Exposure (DTE), suggesting that TIR is superior to waitlist control, and shows more modest gains over DTE. The available evidence suggests TIR, the TRI Method, and V IKD are effective treatments for posttraumatic sequelae.

Effects of a yoga breath intervention alone and in combination with an exposure therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the 2004 South‐East Asia tsunami

“…Traumatic incident reduction (TIR) is a one-on-one method which has been shown to reduce the negative effects of trauma (39)(40)(41). Sharing experiences and giving one another support enabled participants, who had lost significant personal and community relationships, to develop new bonds, a sense of belonging and feelings of resilience.…”

“…Exposure therapy intervention. Traumatic incident reduction (TIR) is a one-on-one method which has been shown to reduce the negative effects of trauma (39)(40)(41). TIR is a representative form of this treatment.…”

“…This evokes a conditioned fear response (or other aversive emotion) while in the safe presence of a non-interfering facilitator. With repetition, clients find a decline in painful affect and greater awareness of the full details of the event and its meaning (39)(40)(41). This process is repeated until the cues become less or non-aversive.…”

The psychosocial aspects of children exposed to war: practice and policy initiatives

“…A number of methods await systematic evaluation, although there is some preliminary evidence supporting their effectiveness in alleviating the effects of trauma in children, including methods such as stress‐inoculation techniques (Ayalon, 1983) and the widely questioned eye‐movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) (Puffer, Greenwald, & Elrod, 1997). In addition, a number of methods have been used with adult populations, but no systematic reports yet exist of their use in children (for a review of some alternative approaches to the treatment of trauma see Dietrich, 2000; Dietrich et al., 2000).…”

PTSD: Extinction, reconsolidation, and the visual-kinesthetic dissociation protocol.

“…Figley reviews the technique and provides a case study. Each of the referenced studies recommends the technique as a valuable tool for treating PTSD and makes suggestions for further research (Carbonell & Figley, 1999;Dietrich et al, 2000;Figley, 2002;Hossack & Bentall, 1996;Koziey & McLeod, 1987;Muss, 1991Muss, , 2002. There is also one non-peer-reviewed study that is reported online (Guy & Guy, 2003).…”