A Review of Bainitic Steels for Wheel/Rail Contact

Clayton, P.; Devanathan, Ram; Jin, Nong; Steele, R. K.

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8151-6_4

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The as-received sample, which has the same hardness of the 300°C + 600°C sample, but with a pearlitic microstructure, presented a superior wear resistance. This result is in agreement with those of other works (Clayton et al , 1993; Sawley and Kristan, 2003; Viáfara et al , 2005) comparing the wear resistances of pearlitic and bainitic steels; moreover, these results are justified by the larger strain hardening of the fully pearlitic microstructure during the wear process. Other justifications for the superior performance of the pearlitic microstructure compared to those of other microstructures (bainitic or martensitic) with the same hardness are related to the ability of the cementite lamellae of pearlitic microstructure align parallel to the wear surface, forming a cementite “mosaic” of flakes, which increases the fraction of exposed area of cementite in the contact surface (Beynon and Perez-unzueta, 1993).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of bainitic transformation on the microstructure and wear resistance of pearlitic rail steel

Tressia

Alves

Sinatora

et al. 2020

ILT

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a lower bainite structure consists of a dispersion of fine carbide inside plates of bainitic ferrite from chemical composition unmodified conventional pearlitic steel under bainitic transformation and to investigate its effect on tensile properties and wear resistance. Design/methodology/approach A commercial hypereutectoid pearlitic rail steel was subjected to three different bainitic transformation treatments followed by tempering to develop a desirable microstructure with a DIL805 BÄHR dilatometer. A comprehensive microstructural study was performed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Finally, the mechanical properties and wear resistance were evaluated by tensile, microhardness, and pin-on-disc tests. Findings The results showed that the best combination of mechanical properties and sliding wear resistance was obtained in the sample subjected to bainitic transformation at 300°C for 600 s followed by tempering at 400°C for 300 s. This sample, which contained a bainitic ferrite structure, exhibited approximately 20% higher hardness and approximately 53% less mass loss than the as-received pearlitic sample due to the mechanically induced transformation in the contact surface. Originality/value Although pearlitic steel is widely used in the construction of railways, recent studies have revealed that bainitic transformation at the same rail steels exhibited higher wear resistance and fatigue strengths than conventional pearlitic rail at the same hardness values. Such a bainitic microstructure can improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance, which is a great interest in the railway industry. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2019-0282/

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of bainitic transformation on the microstructure and wear resistance of pearlitic rail steel

Tressia

Alves

Sinatora

et al. 2020

ILT

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“…Clayton et al . have reviewed literature on the wear of bainitic steels 2 . Most laboratory rolling/sliding wear studies have indicated that, for a given hardness, bainitic microstructures are inferior to pearlitic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of bainitic rail steels with potential resistance to rolling contact fatigue

Sawley¹,

Kristan²

2003

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Rails are a major capital and maintenance cost for railways in North America. While manufacturers produce clean steels with high quality, most rails made today retain the basic carbon–manganese chemistry of traditional pearlitic rails. This paper describes the development of a bainitic rail steel with potential additional resistance to rolling contact fatigue damage. It is shown that rails can be produced in bainitic steel without the need for complex heat treatments after rolling, and that bainitic rails can have higher hardness and fracture toughness than pearlitic rails. Although small‐ and full‐scale tests indicate that the wear performance of bainitic steel depends considerably on test conditions, the indication is that bainitic steel rails can have significantly better rolling contact fatigue performance compared to pearlitic rails. Reasons for the superior fatigue performance are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses exist. A conclusion is that continued research would be useful to understand quantitatively the physics and metallurgy of wheel/rail contact.

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“…Kapito 等人 [33] 曾就贝氏体轨道钢中各合金元素的作用以及过量添加可能带来的后果作了详细描述。表 3 汇总了国内外多个国家贝氏体轨道钢的化学成分，可见，美国、英国、捷克等国研制的贝氏体轨道钢成分均属 Mo-B 系列 [34][35][36][37][38][39] ，利用 Mo 元素和 B 元素来推迟珠光体和铁素体转变，保证在空冷条件下即可获得贝氏体组织。其中美国的贝氏体轨道钢型号以 J6 和 J9 为代表，成分以中低碳(0.2-0.3wt.%)为主，强度级别较高，可达 1500MPa；英国、捷克等国家的贝氏体轨道钢成分则以低碳为主(0.05-0.1wt.%) ，强度级别相对较低，只有 800-1000MPa。德国、日本等国家的科研人员则主张向贝氏体钢中加 V、Nb 等元素 [40,41]…”

Section: 铁路轨道用贝氏体钢的发展贝氏体轨道钢的成分设计通常按照低碳中合金含量或高碳低合金含量以平衡强度级别与制造成本，unclassified

铁路轨道用钢研究进展

Chen,

Kang,

Feng

et al. 2024

Sci. Sin.-Tech.

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A Review of Bainitic Steels for Wheel/Rail Contact

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of bainitic transformation on the microstructure and wear resistance of pearlitic rail steel

Effect of bainitic transformation on the microstructure and wear resistance of pearlitic rail steel

Development of bainitic rail steels with potential resistance to rolling contact fatigue

铁路轨道用钢研究进展

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