A Review of Biomass-Derived UV-Shielding Materials for Bio-Composites

Abstract

The adverse effects of UV (ultraviolet) radiation on polymeric materials and organic constituents can damage the molecular structure of human skin and polymeric materials, resulting in their degradation. Therefore, additives or reagents for UV-shielding must be used in related applications, including polymer compounds and skin cosmetics. Bio-based polymers have shown great potential as alternatives to conventional metallic and organic materials (e.g., TiO2 and ZnO) in various applications; therefore, natural products have gained attention as a potential resource to overcome UV-induced health and environmental problems. In particular, biomass-derived materials such as lignin, fiber, and silica have been investigated as UV-shielding materials owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low carbon emissions. In this review, the UV-shielding effect and potential of various biomass-derived materials, such as silica, nanocellulose, and fibers, are reviewed. Among them, lignin is considered a promising UV-shielding material because of the presence of chromophores and functional groups capable of absorbing UV radiation of all ranges.

The Application of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Sunscreen and Their Potential Risks

“…Physical sunscreen is a type of sunscreen that works by physically blocking the sun's rays from reaching the skin. It contains mineral-based active ingredients, such as ZnO and TiO2, which provide protection on the skin and mirror the UV rays away from the skin [9]. Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide belong to physical sunscreen and they are superior to sunscreens with organic compounds [4].…”

Hydrophilic Modification of Polyester/Polyamide 6 Hollow Segmented Pie Microfiber Nonwovens by UV/TiO2/H2O2

“…The tensile strength of the nonwovens after UV/TiO 2 modification for 45 min and UV/TiO 2 /H 2 O 2 modification for 45 min increased in both cases, but the difference was not significant. This is because the nano-TiO 2 sol can be used as a UV shielding agent and has a protective effect on the internal structure of fibers [23,24]. However, as the irradiation time increased to 90 min, the tensile strength decreased again, due to the high-energy UV radiation penetrating the TiO 2 protective film layer and having an effect on the fiber structure.…”

Efficacy of a Novel SPF Booster Based on Research Aboard the International Space Station

“…They generally fall under the same guidelines as traditional cosmetic ingredients, requiring safety and efficacy testing prior to International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) and Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number registration. Boosters have been created from a variety of sources, such as plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, lichens, fruits, and biomass [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Generally, the SPF-boosting capability comes from the production of pigments or phenolic compounds that can either block or absorb the sun's UV energy.…”