A Review of Blunt Force Injury Homicides of Children Aged 0 to 5 Years in Bexar County, Texas, From 1988 to 2009

Molina, D. Kimberley; Clarkson, Arthur; Farley, Katherine L.; Farley, Norma J.

doi:10.1097/paf.0b013e31821a88c4

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…If a vein were to rupture, large volumes of subdural bleeding would be expected. However, autopsy findings in children report collections ranging from 1 to 80 mL, with 75% less than 25 mL and 50% less than 10 mL [33]. These small, thin films of subdural blood seem clinically insignificant and inconsistent with bridging vein rupture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Evaluation of Head Kinematics During Infant Shaking Versus Pediatric Activities of Daily Living.

N¹

2011

Journal of Forensic Biomechanics

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Abusive shaking of infants has been asserted as a primary cause of subdural bleeding, cerebral edema/brain swelling, and retinal hemorrhages. Manual shaking of biofidelic mannequins, however, has failed to generate the rotational accelerations believed necessary to cause these intracranial symptoms in the human infant. This study examines the apparent contradiction between the accepted model and reported biomechanical results. Researchers collected linear and angular motion data from an infant anthropomorphic test device during shaking and during various activities of daily life, as well as from a 7-monthold boy at play in a commercial jumping toy. Results were compared among the experimental conditions and against accepted injury thresholds. Rotational accelerations during shaking of a biofidelic mannequin were consistent with previous published studies and also statistically indistinguishable from the accelerations endured by a normal 7-month-old boy at play. The rotational accelerations during non-contact shaking appear to be tolerated by normal infants, even when repetitive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Evaluation of Head Kinematics During Infant Shaking Versus Pediatric Activities of Daily Living.

N¹

2011

Journal of Forensic Biomechanics

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“…AHT is largely restricted to infants and males. Children aged <1 year are more likely to suffer brain injuries usually caused by CM than accidents [ 19 ]. Results from our study are consistent with those of Parks et al who reported most children who have fatal AHT aged <12 months and are males [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Abusive Head Trauma Among Children in Saudi Arabia

Alanazi¹,

Saleheen²,

Alenezi³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Background and objectives: To examine abusive head trauma (AHT) trends using data obtained from hospital-based child protection centers (CPCs) and the distribution of age in months among young children in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted that includes data obtained from 58 hospital-based CPCs in all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia registered in the National Family Safety Registry from 2010 to 2020. AHT cases (n=106) were identified for inclusion in the registry by a daily review of the emergency department logbooks.Results: Over the 11-year period, there was a sharp increase in the number of cases, specifically after 2014, from seven cases per year in 2010 to 16 cases in 2020. AHT affects predominantly children aged 0-12 months (72.6%), followed by 13-24 months (17.9%), 25-36 months (3.8%), 37-48 months (3.8%), and 49-60 months (1.9%). Victims were characterized by a predominance of crying infants (23.6%), past history of abuse (13.2%), a child's chronic disease and disability (7.6%), and prematurity (2.8%). Conclusion:Different training and educational programs need to be performed to raise awareness of AHT. Enacting the pediatrician's mandatory reporting law will improve the rate of reporting cases.

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“…From the AIS-data, we retrieved the number of lacerations in each victim and the Injury Severity Score (ISS). The normal grouping of ISS is "minor (1-3)," "moderate (4-8)," "serious (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)," "severe (16-24)," and "critical (25-75)" [18]. To better suit the homicide victim population that has few victims with low scores, we define three ISS categories: "low (1-24)," "medium (25-44)," and "high (45-75)".…”

Section: Materials S and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blunt force trauma is often used in interpersonal violence and is a common homicide method [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In blunt force homicide, the blunt force trauma is inflicted in three different ways:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blunt force homicides in Denmark 1992–2016

Thomsen

Leth

Hougen

et al. 2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Blunt force trauma is a common homicide method, inflicted in three different ways: bodily force, assault with blunt objects of various types and falls from height. The objective of this study is to provide thorough information on blunt force homicides with data on the victims, the offenders, the surrounding circumstances, the injury methods, the extent of injuries, and survival time, which will help inform the inexperienced as well as the seasoned forensic pathologist in their daily work with death investigation and as expert witnesses in court. We have analyzed autopsy reports and available case files of 311 blunt force homicides, making up 21.9% of all homicides in Denmark during 1992–2016. Most victims and offenders were male. Altercation in the setting of nightlife and intoxication was common in male victims, while most female victims were killed in a domestic setting. Bodily force was the most common primary homicide method, followed by assault with a blunt object and fall from height. The head was the region that most often had external injuries, with no noteworthy difference between cases with bodily force and blunt objects. Two out of three victims had one or more lacerations, most often located on the head and more often on the front. Brain injury was the primary cause of death in at least 72.0% victims. Compared to bodily force victims of blunt object assault were especially prone to skull and brain injuries, had a higher trauma score, and more died at the crime scene and had a shorter survival time.

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A Review of Blunt Force Injury Homicides of Children Aged 0 to 5 Years in Bexar County, Texas, From 1988 to 2009

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Biomechanical Evaluation of Head Kinematics During Infant Shaking Versus Pediatric Activities of Daily Living.

Biomechanical Evaluation of Head Kinematics During Infant Shaking Versus Pediatric Activities of Daily Living.

Epidemiology of Abusive Head Trauma Among Children in Saudi Arabia

Blunt force homicides in Denmark 1992–2016

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