A Review of Bolt Tightening Force Measurement and Loosening Detection

Miao, Rusong; Shen, Ruili; Zhang, Songhan; Xue, Songling

doi:10.3390/s20113165

Cited by 97 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…This results in variations occurring in the distance traveled by waves and the time related to it. Thus, the propagation velocity and ToF are the parameters frequently used to determine and detect the stresses or forces of the monitored elements [16].…”

Section: The Idea Of Force Monitoring In Boltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was expected that the tensioning of the connection would cause screw elongation and a longer wave path would increase the related propagation time. Although there are examples in the literature where the impact of stress on the propagation speed was analyzed [16], a wider discussion of this issue, which is very interesting, is not the main subject of this study.…”

Section: Signal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Nazarko¹,

Ziemiański²

2020

Materials

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There is a group of measurement techniques that can be used in the task of force identification in steel bolts. In this paper, the potential of elastic wave propagation signals was studied for possible application in force monitoring systems. A series of laboratory tests was carried out on flange connections subjected to static tensile tests. Each one contained six screws of the same diameter. Four bolts were equipped with washer load cells. Alternatively, selected bolts were equipped with piezoelectric transducers (actuator and sensor) in order to measure the elastic wave signals. Principal components analysis, time of arrival, and neural network compression were used for dimensionality reduction of the measured signals. Examples of the obtained results with respect to the studied connections show that the tension forces in bolts can be estimated with relatively good accuracy.

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Section: The Idea Of Force Monitoring In Boltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Nazarko¹,

Ziemiański²

2020

Materials

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“…Vibration is a physical phenomenon frequently encountered in people's lives and industrial production, causing inevitable losses in many fields. Threaded fasteners will experience looseness and instability under external dynamic loads, such as vibration, resulting in a decrease in clamping force; the looseness or over-tightening of bolts will cause the sliding of the connecting piece or damage the bolt strength, which will cause damage to the main structure [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

JESTR

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Vibration has an effect on structures. Vibration can affect structural stability by loosening the fasteners and might even cause structural failure. Experimental analysis on the pre-tightening force of the bolts in actual engineering was conducted to reveal the effect of the pre-tightening force of the fastening bolts on the dynamic behaviors of the structure. The bolt vibration isolation design was conducted using the force analysis of the fastening bolts, and the bolt vibration isolation measurement model was established. The expression of the maximal working interval of the pre-tightening force was deduced from experimental measurements of the spring washer, elastic vibration isolation content, and pretightening force. The compression test of the testing spring was used to determine the corresponding frequency, and a time history diagram was developed. The testing data were later analyzed to obtain an effective working interval of the system, an optimal pre-tightening force of the spring, and an effective stroke of displacement. Results indicate that different preload forces exert different vibration isolation effects on the structure. The spring stiffness is close to infinity when the spring is compressed to 24 mm, and the effective stroke is zero. The study provides guidelines for the design steps of the vibration isolation system based on its dynamic requirements and serves as a guide for selecting the appropriate spring washers and elastic vibration isolation materials in the project to achieve appropriate vibration isolation and noise reduction.

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“…However, the high stress in anchoring bolts, among other things, causes serious deformation and damage of equipment, as well as steel constructions [17][18][19]. Miao [20] reviewed methodologies concerning bolt tightening force measurements and monitoring for loose bolts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Fatigue Lifespan of Anchor Bolts with Consideration of Loading History

et al. 2021

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Preloaded bolted connections are one of the most used approaches for anchoring steel structures and equipment. Preload is induced by a mechanical tightening of the nut with the required torque. In the case of anchor bolts embedded in a concrete base, the prescribed tightening procedure has to be followed for safe and reliable operation. The present paper addresses the problem of anchoring a new casting pedestal using the original anchor bolts. The aim was to verify the original anchoring system’s reliable and safe operation, taking into account the current condition of the bolts. The analysed anchoring bolts are subjected to cyclic (disappearing) stress during the rotation of the casting pedestal. If the interplays between the anchor bolt and the concrete foundation were damaged, production would shut down, resulting in high economic losses. For this reason, the authors used a modified nut with a lightened first thread when investigating the actual state of the anchoring and setting the required preload. The shape and dimensions of the nut were determined based on the results of numerical modelling. The experimental measurements consisted of two phases. In the first phase, the values of axial forces in the anchor bolts at the required preload were set using the designed dynamometers. The second phase was focused on the operational measurements. The methodology of measuring the axial forces and the interpretation of the results obtained, including a comprehensive view of the anchoring safety, provides relevant evidence of the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed solution. Based on the results of the operational measurement and the prescribed handling of the casting pedestal, the lifespan of the anchoring was determined to be 3650 days under the loading cycles to date.

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A Review of Bolt Tightening Force Measurement and Loosening Detection

Cited by 97 publications

References 97 publications

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Untitled

Experimental Investigation of the Fatigue Lifespan of Anchor Bolts with Consideration of Loading History

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