A review of catalytic issues and process conditions for renewable hydrogen and alkanes by aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over supported metal catalysts

Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Processing of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons to Fuels and Chemicals

“…A good catalyst should promote C À C bond cleavage and water gas shift to convert CO into CO 2 , but it should not facilitate further hydrogenation reactions of CO and CO 2 to form alkanes or parallel reactions by CÀO bond cleavage to form alcohols and acids. [36] It has also been demonstrated that APR can be tailored to convert sorbitol into a clean stream of light alkanes (C 4 -C 6 ) by using a bifunctional metal-acid catalyst (e.g., Pt/SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 ), wherein formation of hydrogen and CO 2 takes place on a metal catalyst and dehydration of sorbitol occurs on a solid acid catalyst. [11] The combination of catalytically active sites, support, solution pH, feed concentration, process conditions, and reactor design governs the selectivity of hydrogen and alkane production using aqueous-phase processing.…”

Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering

“…25,159,160 Methanol reforming and autothermal reforming usually occur at relatively low temperature (150-350°C) and generate H 2 with low levels of CO. A number of catalysts have been used for this reaction including Pd/ZnO, Pt/ZnO, and Cu/ZnO. [141][142][143][144][145] Direct methanol fuel cells also appear to be promising; however, according to Dillon et al the biggest limitation is that they have low kinetic rates of methanol oxidation.…”

Hydrogen Formation from Biomass Model Compounds and Real Biomass by Partial Oxidation in High Temperature High Pressure Water

“…kH kJ mol RT 2 10 372 For carbon monoxide oxidation, the reaction rate is relatively complex as shown in Eq. (5).…”

“…1), 2) , and Hiroshi INOMATA 1) 1) Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, JAPAN 2) Dept.…”

“…However, almost all experiments have been performed at over 300 1) and the energy profit ratio decreases with increasing operating temperature. Some studies have shown that gasification was successfully achieved below 300 , but required noble metal as catalyst 2) so the operating cost would be raised because of low supply and high demand for noble metals. Partial oxidation of organic material in high temperature high pressure water produces varying yields of hydrogen controlled by the operating parameters 3), 4) .…”