A review of cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Mekonnen, Yemeserach; Sundararajan, Aditya

doi:10.1109/secon.2016.7506639

Cited by 73 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Its low cost, good electrochemical performance, low volume expansion during charging and discharging as well as that it is abundantly available, explains the widely accepted use of graphite as anode material [33,35,36]. Many research efforts allowed to optimize this material resulting it is almost reaching its maximum theoretical capacity and only incremental improvements can be expected [29].…”

Section: State Of the Art-anodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key properties of a battery are: energy density, power density, cost and lifetime. An overview of the most used cathode materials can be found in Table 4 [29,33,36,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The oldest commercially used electrodes are LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) due to the low cost, however the lifetime is limited which is considered to be the biggest disadvantage but they are still frequently used.…”

Section: State Of the Art-cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The negative impact of the automotive industry on climate change can be tackled by changing from fossil driven vehicles towards battery electric vehicles with no tailpipe emissions. However their adoption mainly depends on the willingness to pay for the extra cost of the traction battery. The goal of this paper is to predict the cost of a battery pack in 2030 when considering two aspects: firstly a decade of research will ensure an improvement in material sciences altering a battery's chemical composition. Secondly by considering the price erosion due to the production cost optimization, by maturing of the market and by evolving towards to a mass-manufacturing situation. The cost of a lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) battery (Cathode: NMC 6:2:2 ; Anode: graphite) as well as silicon based lithium-ion battery (Cathode: NMC 6:2:2 ; Anode: silicon alloy), expected to be on the market in 10 years, will be predicted to tackle the first aspect. The second aspect will be considered by combining process-based cost calculations with learning curves, which takes the increasing battery market into account. The 100 dollar/kWh sales barrier will be reached respectively between 2020-2025 for silicon based lithium-ion batteries and 2025-2030 for NMC batteries, which will give a boost to global electric vehicle adoption.

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Section: State Of the Art-anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of the Art-cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

et al. 2017

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“…[318][319][320][321][322] There are many new anode materials besides graphite and those discussed above, and these reviews provide a good perspective on anode development of Li-ion batteries. 135,315,[323][324][325] Anode materials require consideration of the tradeoff between energy and stability-lower potential materials are desirable because they increase the net cell voltage, but below the stability window of the electrolyte there will be electrolyte decomposition and formation of an interfacial layer, the stability of which is critical to long-term charge/ discharge cycling of the material.…”

Section: à6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moving to solid active materials overcomes the solubility limitation on capacity per volume of conventional RFBs, and the use of Li-ion materials and organic electrolytes expands the possible voltage range to that of Li-ion batteries, which reaches >4 V for existing commercial systems and is even higher for next-generation materials. [135][136][137] For the system reported by Duduta et al, an optimized system with Li intercalation active materials is expected to achieve a theoretical energy density of 300-500 W h L…”

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Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials

Koenig

2017

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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Energy storage is increasingly important for a diversity of applications. Batteries can be used to store solar or wind energy providing power when the Sun is not shining or wind speed is insufficient to meet power demands. For large scale energy storage, solutions that are both economically and environmentally friendly are limited. Flow batteries are a type of battery technology which is not as well-known as the types of batteries used for consumer electronics, but they provide potential opportunities for large scale energy storage. These batteries have electrochemical recharging capabilities without emissions as is the case for other rechargeable battery technologies; however, with flow batteries, the power and energy are decoupled which is more similar to the operation of fuel cells. This decoupling provides the flexibility of independently designing the power output unit and energy storage unit, which can provide cost and time advantages and simplify future upgrades to the battery systems. One major challenge of the existing commercial flow battery technologies is their limited energy density due to the solubility limits of the electroactive species. Improvements to the energy density of flow batteries would reduce their installed footprint, transportation costs, and installation costs and may open up new applications. This review will discuss the background, current progress, and future directions of one unique class of flow batteries that attempt to improve on the energy density of flow batteries by switching to solid electroactive materials, rather than dissolved redox compounds, to provide the electrochemical energy storage.

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The Influence of Polyethylene Oxide Degradation in Polymer‐Based Electrolytes for NMC and Lithium Metal Batteries

Herbers,

Minář,

Stuckenberg

et al. 2023

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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A multilayered ternary solid polymer electrolyte (TSPE) is presented. First, the influence of polyethylene oxide degradation on cell failure, development of subsequent volatile degradation products, and cell impedance is analyzed. The low electrochemical stability window/oxidative stability (≥3.8 V) results in side‐chain oxidation and loss of active material. Subsequently, electrolyte stability is improved and a thin‐film (≤50 μm) TSPE with three functional layers is developed to match the wide‐ranging electrolyte requirements toward Li metal anodes and different cathode materials like LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 and LiFePO4 (NCM622, LFP). The high‐voltage stability of ≥4.75 V makes the TSPE a promising candidate in high‐voltage applications. Because of high Coulombic efficiencies in NMC622‖Li metal (99.7%) and LFP‖Li metal (99.9%) cells, the presented electrolyte enables stable long‐term cycling with great capacity retention of 86% and 94%, respectively. The temperature stability of >300 °C and the capability to prevent high surface area Li and dendrite formation (even at an areal capacity utilization of >40 mAh cm−2) contribute to high safety under a wide range of conditions.

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A review of cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials

The Influence of Polyethylene Oxide Degradation in Polymer‐Based Electrolytes for NMC and Lithium Metal Batteries

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