A review of drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy

Munoz, Fredy; Alici, Gürsel; Li, Weihua

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.007

Cited by 126 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There has been significant focus on their propulsion and drug release functions (which can be borrowed from the implantable DDS) as articulated in this paper and in recent reviews [12,63]. We, therefore, believe that the primary focus over the next five years will be on the establishment of localizations and anchoring mechanisms.…”

Section: Five-year Viewmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For drug release only, the disk batteries in the current endoscopic capsules (3V, 55mAh ≅ 20 mW) will be sufficient as they last 8-9 hours for powering a number of LEDs, taking images and sending them wirelessly to an external data recorder. A detailed review of endoscopic capsules is presented elsewhere [12,13,62,63,68].…”

Section: Expert Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Robotic DDS can carry encapsulated drug containers and other formulations to the desired location for effective drug release but one problem associated with the robotic DDS is being able to anchor them before releasing the drug and making sure that their location is accurately controlled so that they release the drug at the desired location [12][13][14][15]. In this regard, the implantable drug delivery systems are less problematic and more reliable than the robotic drug delivery systems for site-specific drug delivery but they have to be removed from the body once they complete their mission if they contain non-biodegradable components, or they must be left at the implantation location in order to have them disposed of naturally if they are made of biodegradable components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery

Alici

2015

Expert Review of Medical Devices

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Considerable research efforts have recently been dedicated to the establishment of various drug delivery systems (DDS) that are mechanical/physical, chemical and biological/molecular DDS. In this paper, we report on the recent advances in site-specific drug delivery (site-specific, controlled, targeted or smart drug delivery are terms used interchangeably in the literature, to mean to transport a drug or a therapeutic agent to a desired location within the body and release it as desired with negligibly small toxicity and side effect compared to classical drug administration means such as peroral, parenteral, transmucosal, topical and inhalation) based on mechanical/physical systems consisting of implantable and robotic drug delivery systems. While we specifically focus on the robotic or autonomous DDS, which can be reprogrammable and provide multiple doses of a drug at a required time and rate, we briefly cover the implanted DDS, which are well-developed relative to the robotic DDS, to highlight the design and performance requirements, and investigate issues associated with the robotic DDS. Critical research issues associated with both DDSs are presented to describe the research challenges ahead of us in order to establish soft robotic devices for clinical and biomedical applications. Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery Abstract Considerable research efforts have recently been dedicated to the establishment of various drug delivery systems (DDS) which are mechanical / physical, chemical and biological/molecular DDS. In this paper, we report on recent advances in site-specific drug delivery 1 based on mechanical / physical systems consisting of implantable and robotic drug delivery systems. While we specifically focus on the robotic or autonomous DDS, which can be reprogrammable and provide multiple doses of a drug at a required time and rate, we briefly cover the implanted DDS, which are well-developed relative to the robotic DDS, to highlight the design and performance requirements, and investigate issues associated with the robotic DDS. Critical research issues associated with both DDSs are presented to describe the research challenges ahead of us in order to establish really soft robotic devices for clinical and biomedical applications.

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Section: Five-year Viewmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Expert Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery

Alici

2015

Expert Review of Medical Devices

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“…There are two key requirements for such a drug delivery WCE: first, a mechanism to anchor the WCE to a fixed location, and second, a mechanism to release the drug in a controlled and dose-dependent manner. 172 A variety of capsules which use magnetic fields for anchoring and/or remote triggering to release medications in the GI tract have been reported. 173,174 Yu et al describe a capsule that releases a drug-filled reservoir when the capsule passes close to an implanted or externally worn magnet.…”

Section: B7 Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically guided capsule endoscopy

et al. 2017

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Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a powerful tool for medical screening and diagnosis, where a small capsule is swallowed and moved by means of natural peristalsis and gravity through the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The camera-integrated capsule allows for visualization of the small intestine, a region which was previously inaccessible to classical flexible endoscopy. As a diagnostic tool, it allows to localize the sources of bleedings in the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract and to identify diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease), polyposis syndrome, and tumors. The screening and diagnostic efficacy of the WCE, especially in the stomach region, is hampered by a variety of technical challenges like the lack of active capsular position and orientation control. Therapeutic functionality is absent in most commercial capsules, due to constraints in capsular volume and energy storage. The possibility of using body-exogenous magnetic fields to guide, orient, power, and operate the capsule and its mechanisms has led to increasing research in Magnetically Guided Capsule Endoscopy (MGCE). This work shortly reviews the history and state-of-art in WCE technology. It highlights the magnetic technologies for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities of WCE. Not restricting itself to the GI tract, the review further investigates the technological developments in magnetically guided microrobots that can navigate through the various air-and fluid-filled lumina and cavities in the body for minimally invasive medicine.

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“…These proof-of-concept magnetic systems in WCE have shown that it is possible to remotely control different mechanisms embedded in a CE, thus eliminating the need of housing batteries and micromotors that occupy an important volume of the limited space of 3.0 cm 3 in the existing CE [14]. However, if these prototypes are to be implemented in a more realistic environment, larger operating distances between the driver and the driven magnets and further miniaturization of the driven magnets are required [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Optimization of a Magnetic System for Drug Delivery With Capsule Robots

Munoz

Alici

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Magn.

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In this paper, we present a methodology for the size optimization of an external magnetic system made of arcshaped permanent magnets (ASMs). This magnetic system is able to remotely actuate a drug-release module embedded in a prototype of a capsule robot. The optimization of the magnetic system is carried out by using an accurate analytical model that is valid for any arbitrary dimensions of the ASMs. By using this analytical model, we perform parametric studies and conduct a statistical analysis [analysis of variance (ANOVA)] to investigate efficient ways to distribute the volume of the ASMs so that the dimensions and volume of the magnetic system are minimized while optimal flux densities and magnetic torques are obtained to actuate the drug delivery system (DDS). The ANOVA results, at 5% significance level, indicate that changes in the angular width followed by changes in the length of the ASMs have the highest impact on the magnetic linkage. Furthermore, our experimental results, which are in agreement with the analytical results, show that the size optimization of the magnetic system is effective for the actuation of the DDS in capsule robots. In this paper, we present a methodology for the size optimization of an external magnetic system made of arc-shaped permanent magnets (ASMs). This magnetic system is able to remotely actuate a drug release module embedded in a prototype of capsule robot. The optimization of the magnetic system is carried out by using an accurate analytical model that is valid for any arbitrary dimensions of the ASMs. By using this analytical model, we perform parametric studies and conduct a statistical analysis (ANOVA) to investigate efficient ways to distribute the volume of the ASMs so that the dimensions and volume of the magnetic system are minimized while optimal flux densities and magnetic torques are obtained to actuate the drug delivery system (DDS). The ANOVA results, at 5% significance level, indicate that changes in the angular width followed by changes in the length of the ASMs have the highest impact on the magnetic linkage. Furthermore, our experimental results, which are in agreement with the analytical results, show that the size optimization of the magnetic system is effective for the actuation of the DDS in capsule robots.Index Terms-Capsule robot, drug delivery, magnetic actuation, permanent magnets.

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A review of drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy

Cited by 126 publications

References 44 publications

Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery

Towards soft robotic devices for site-specific drug delivery

Magnetically guided capsule endoscopy

Size Optimization of a Magnetic System for Drug Delivery With Capsule Robots

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