In order to meet the communication requirements of photoelectric hybrid network architecture, a research based on cloud computing and big data technology is proposed. The main content of this study is based on the analysis of cloud computing and big data technology, through the study of technical characteristics, using topological optical link with bypass data structure and other methods, and finally through experiments and analysis to build the research means of cloud computing and big data technology. The experimental results show that the weights of optical links are 60, 50 and 20, respectively. When the weights of optical links become smaller, node B reaches the paths of the six destination nodes. More paths can be transmitted through optical links, and the size of the range of nearby links can be controlled, which is feasible for the photoelectric hybrid network structure. Conclusion: The research based on cloud computing and big data technology can meet the needs of photoelectric hybrid network structure in communication.