A Review of Genesis and Evolution of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Some Future Directions

Lumb, Ashok; Sharma, T. C.; Bibeault, Jean-François

doi:10.1007/s12403-011-0040-0

Cited by 357 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…There are many WQIs which had been developed and validated by researchers worldwide (Prasad and Kumari 2008;Reza and Singh 2010). The National Sanitation Foundation's Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI), the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI), the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI), and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) are well-known examples; the differences among WQIs are the statistical integration and interpretation of the resulting values (Alobaidy et al 2010;Lumb et al 2011;Abbasi and Abbasi 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality evaluation of Al-Gharraf river by two water quality indices

Ewaid

2016

Appl Water Sci

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Water quality of Al-Gharraf river, the largest branch of Tigris River south of Iraq, was evaluated by the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NFS WQI) and the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) depending on 13 physical, chemical, and biological parameters of water quality measured monthly at ten stations on the river during 2015. The NSF-WQI range obtained for the sampling sites was 61-70 indicating a medium water quality. The HPI value was 98.6 slightly below the critical value for drinking water of 100, and the water quality in the upstream stations is better than downstream due to decrease in water and the accumulation of contaminants along the river. This study explains the significance of applying the water quality indices that show the aggregate impact of ecological factors in charge of water pollution of surface water and which permits translation of the monitoring data to assist the decision makers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality evaluation of Al-Gharraf river by two water quality indices

Ewaid

2016

Appl Water Sci

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“…There are a few studies that have reviewed the existing WQIs. Lumb et al (2011a) reviewed the conceptual frameworks of various WQI models developed from the 1960s till 2010 and presented the importance of various WQIs, the steps used in their formulation and their current uses. They also presented future directions and noted a need to develop a universally applicable WQI model that is flexible enough to cut across the available data for assessing the water quality for different uses.…”

Section: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2016) 188:58mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the course of using the index, it was found that the arithmetic formulation, although easy to understand and calculate, lacked sensitivity in terms of the effect a single bad parameter value would have on the WQI (Lumb et al 2011a). This led Brown et al (1973) to propose a variation of NSF WQI in which the multiplicative aggregation is used.…”

Section: D) Index Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of river water quality indices—a review

Sutadian

Muttil

Yilmaz

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

359

210

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The use of water quality indices (WQIs) as a tool to evaluate the status of water quality in rivers has been introduced since the 1960s. The WQI transforms selected water quality parameters into a dimensionless number so that changes in river water quality at any particular location and time could be presented in a simple and easily understandable manner. Although many WQIs have been developed, there is no worldwide accepted method for implementing the steps used for developing a WQI. Thus, there is a continuing interest to develop accurate WQIs that suit a local or regional area. This paper aims to provide significant contribution to the development of future river WQIs through a review of 30 existing WQIs based on the four steps needed to develop a WQI. These steps are the selection of parameters, the generation of sub-indices, the generation of parameter weights and the aggregation process to compute the final index value. From the 30 reviewed WQIs, 7 were identified as most important based on their wider use and they were discussed in detail. It was observed that a major factor that influences wider use of a WQI is the support provided by the government and authorities to implement a WQI as the main tool to evaluate the status of rivers. Since there is a lot of subjectivity and uncertainty involved in the steps for developing and applying a WQI, it is recommended that the opinion of local water quality experts is taken, especially in the first three steps (through techniques like Delphi method). It was also observed that uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was rarely undertaken to reduce uncertainty and hence such an analysis is recommended for future studies.

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“…Lumb, Sharma y Bibeault [52] sostienen al respecto: "Todos los índices tienen una u otra limitación y la búsqueda de uno perfecto sigue siendo un desafío".…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Indicadores de la calidad del agua: evolución y tendencias a nivel global

2014

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Recibido: 30 de agosto del 2014. Aprobado: 28 de octubre del 2014.Cómo citar este artículo: M. Castro, J. Almaida, J. Ferrer y D. Díaz, "Indicadores de la calidad del agua: evolución y tendencias a nivel global". Ingeniería Solidaria, vol. 10, n.° 17, pp. 111-124, en.-dic., 2014. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/in.v9i17.811 Resumen. El proyecto de investigación "Variables de mayor impacto sobre los indicadores de calidad del agua" se viene desarrollando en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bogotá, desde enero del 2014. Como resultado de su desarrollo, se llevó a cabo una revisión de antecedentes para identificar aspectos relevantes en el diseño y construcción de un prototipo de software basado en conocimiento que contribuya a mejorar los procesos de gestión del recurso hídrico. El estudio de los indicadores de calidad del agua durante el período de análisis , es fundamental para evaluar la incidencia de variables bióticas y abióticas sobre un fenómeno/ ambiente/área tan relevantes como la calidad del agua. Los autores analizan reportes experimentales suministrados por publicaciones especializadas y organizaciones gubernamentales del orden nacional e internacional. El análisis de la información revisada permitió establecer que una de las metodologías más importante para determinar la calidad del agua es el uso de indicadores ica: herramienta matemática que permite transformar grandes cantidades de datos en una escala de medición única.Palabras clave: calidad del agua, indicadores ambientales, índices de calidad del agua (ica), desarrollo sostenible, sostenibilidad ambiental. Water Quality Indexes: Evolution and Trends at the Global Levelabstract. The research project "Variables of Greatest Impact on Water Quality Indexes" ("Variables de mayor impacto sobre los indicadores de calidad del agua") has been underway is at the Bogotá campus of the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia since January of 2014. Its preliminary result was a review of precedents to identify relevant aspects in the design and construction of a knowledge-based software prototype that would help to improve water resource management. The study of water quality indexes during the period of analysis is of fundamental importance to evaluate the influence of biotic and abiotic variables on a phenomenon/environment/area as relevant as water quality. The authors analyzed experimental reports supplied by specialized publications and national and international governmental organizations. Analysis of the information showed that one of the most important methodologies to determine water quality is the use of ica indexes, a mathematical tool that facilitates the transformation of large amounts of data into a single measurement scale.Keywords: water quality, environmental indexes, water quality indexes (ica), sustainable development, environmental sustainability. Indicadores da qualidade da água: evolução e tendências mundiaisResumo. O projeto de pesquisa "Variáveis de maior impacto sobre os indicadores de qualidade da água" vem sendo desenvol...

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A Review of Genesis and Evolution of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Some Future Directions

Cited by 357 publications

References 67 publications

Water quality evaluation of Al-Gharraf river by two water quality indices

Water quality evaluation of Al-Gharraf river by two water quality indices

Development of river water quality indices—a review

Indicadores de la calidad del agua: evolución y tendencias a nivel global

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