“…A graph is said to be planar if it can be drawn on the Applications of graph planarization include graph plane in such a way that no two of its edges cross. Given drawing, such as in CASE tools [29], automated graphia graph G Å (V, E) with vertex set V and edge set E, the cal display systems, and numerous layout problems, such objective of graph planarization is to find a minimum as a circuit layout and a layout of industrial facilities cardinality subset of edges F ⊆ E such that the graph G [13]. A survey of some of these applications is given in Å (V, E"F) resulting from the removal of the edges F Mutzel [21].…”