A review of graphene synthesis by indirect and direct deposition methods

Wu, Yanxia; Wang, Shengxi; Komvopoulos, K.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2019.377

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Top-down methods of GBNs' synthesis start with graphite or other carbon sources such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes or larger graphene sheets that are cut into smaller monoatomic carbon pieces. These methods may be mechanical, chemical, or physical [55].…”

Section: Top-down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon electrodes are broken up by electrochemical cutting, allowing for GBNs to be produced. The applied electric field draws the carbon particles from electrodes through graphite layer intercalation and radical reaction [55]. On the hydrothermal/ solvothermal oxidations defect-based carbon materials as GO and carbon nanotubes are cut under high temperature and pressure due to the action of strong alkaline medium.…”

Section: Top-down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the physical methods of synthesis, arc discharge, laser ablation or reactive ion etching (RIE) nanolithography are the most widely used. RIE is one of the most efficient for controlling the size and chemical surface of GQDs and is also favorable for the study of some photoluminescent mechanisms [55].…”

Section: Top-down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Graphene-Based Nanosystems: Versatile Nanotools for Theranostics and Bioremediation

Lúcio¹,

Fernandes²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2021

Theranostics - An Old Concept in New Clothing [Working Title]

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Since its revolutionary discovery in 2004, graphene— a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial consisting of single-layer carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb lattice— was thoroughly discussed for a broad variety of applications including quantum physics, nanoelectronics, energy efficiency, and catalysis. Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have also captivated the interest of researchers for innovative biomedical applications since the first publication on the use of graphene as a nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drugs in 2008. Today, GBNs have evolved into hybrid combinations of graphene and other elements (e.g., drugs or other bioactive compounds, polymers, lipids, and nanoparticles). In the context of developing theranostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) tools, which combine multiple therapies with imaging strategies to track the distribution of therapeutic agents in the body, the multipurpose character of the GBNs hybrid systems has been further explored. Because each therapy and imaging strategy has inherent advantages and disadvantages, a mixture of complementary strategies is interesting as it will result in a synergistic theranostic effect. The flexibility of GBNs cannot be limited to their biomedical applications and, these nanosystems emerge as a viable choice for an indirect effect on health by their future use as environmental cleaners. Indeed, GBNs can be used in bioremediation approaches alone or combined with other techniques such as phytoremediation. In summary, without ignoring the difficulties that GBNs still present before being deemed translatable to clinical and environmental applications, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the remarkable potential of GBNs on health by presenting examples of their versatility as nanotools for theranostics and bioremediation.

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Section: Top-down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Top-down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Graphene-Based Nanosystems: Versatile Nanotools for Theranostics and Bioremediation

Lúcio¹,

Fernandes²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2021

Theranostics - An Old Concept in New Clothing [Working Title]

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As thoroughly reviewed by Wu and co-workers graphene synthesis can be performed through a plethora of bottom-up or top-down approaches [ 26 ]. Among the most common, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), spin coating, laser ablation and arch discharge needs to be mentioned.…”

Section: Graphene-based Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

et al. 2021

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Leading-edge regenerative medicine can take advantage of improved knowledge of key roles played, both in stem cell fate determination and in cell growth/differentiation, by mechano-transduction and other physicochemical stimuli from the tissue environment. This prompted advanced nanomaterials research to provide tissue engineers with next-generation scaffolds consisting of smart nanocomposites and/or hydrogels with nanofillers, where balanced combinations of specific matrices and nanomaterials can mediate and finely tune such stimuli and cues. In this review, we focus on graphene-based nanomaterials as, in addition to modulating nanotopography, elastic modulus and viscoelastic features of the scaffold, they can also regulate its conductivity. This feature is crucial to the determination and differentiation of some cell lineages and is of special interest to neural regenerative medicine. Hereafter we depict relevant properties of such nanofillers, illustrate how problems related to their eventual cytotoxicity are solved via enhanced synthesis, purification and derivatization protocols, and finally provide examples of successful applications in regenerative medicine on a number of tissues.

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“…Noble metals in the colloidal state have been the subject of intensive studies, mainly due to their effectiveness in therapeutics and diagnostics [2,18]. Similarly, improvements in the synthesis of materials such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide [14,19,20], quantum dots [21][22][23] and carbon nanotubes [24][25][26] has contributed to more feasible and effective methods for the formation of NMNCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Strategies for Noble Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis

2021

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Noble metals have played an integral part in human history for centuries; however, their integration with recent advances in nanotechnology and material sciences have provided new research opportunities in both academia and industry, which has resulted in a new array of advanced applications, including medical ones. Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) have been of great importance in the field of biomedicine over the past few decades due to their importance in personalized healthcare and diagnostics. In particular, platinum, gold and silver nanoparticles have achieved the most dominant spot in the list, thanks to a very diverse range of industrial applications, including biomedical ones such as antimicrobial and antiviral agents, diagnostics, drug carriers and imaging probes. In particular, their superior resistance to extreme conditions of corrosion and oxidation is highly appreciated. Notably, in the past two decades there has been a tremendous advancement in the development of new strategies of more cost-effective and robust NMNP synthesis methods that provide materials with highly tunable physicochemical, optical and thermal properties, and biochemical functionalities. As a result, new advanced hybrid NMNPs with polymer, graphene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and core–shell systems have been developed with even more enhanced physicochemical characteristics that has led to exceptional diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this review, we aim to summarize current advances in the synthesis of NMNPs (Au, Ag and Pt).

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A review of graphene synthesis by indirect and direct deposition methods

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 51 publications

References 116 publications

Graphene-Based Nanosystems: Versatile Nanotools for Theranostics and Bioremediation

Graphene-Based Nanosystems: Versatile Nanotools for Theranostics and Bioremediation

Graphene-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

Current Strategies for Noble Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis

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