A review of methods to measure tendon dimensions

Hayes, Alex; Easton, Katrina L.; Devanaboyina, Pavan Teja; Wu, Jianping; Kirk, T.B.; Lloyd, David G.

doi:10.1186/s13018-018-1056-y

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Overall, there was a mixed consensus on COL mechanisms, and more controlled studies with precise outcome measures such as biochemical analysis, engineered human ligaments and muscle biopsies are required. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imagery and ultrasonography should be included to directly measure changes in joint cartilage and tendon dimensions (Hayes et al 2019).…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of collagen peptide supplementation on body composition, collagen synthesis, and recovery from joint injury and exercise: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Collagen peptide supplementation (COL), in conjunction with exercise, may be beneficial for the management of degenerative bone and joint disorders. This is likely due to stimulatory effects of COL and exercise on the extracellular matrix of connective tissues, improving structure and load-bearing capabilities. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current literature available on the combined impact of COL and exercise. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, a literature search of three electronic databases—PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL—was conducted in June 2020. Fifteen randomised controlled trials were selected after screening 856 articles. The study populations included 12 studies in recreational athletes, 2 studies in elderly participants and 1 in untrained pre-menopausal women. Study outcomes were categorised into four topics: (i) joint pain and recovery from joint injuries, (ii) body composition, (iii) muscle soreness and recovery from exercise, and (iv) muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and collagen synthesis. The results indicated that COL is most beneficial in improving joint functionality and reducing joint pain. Certain improvements in body composition, strength and muscle recovery were present. Collagen synthesis rates were elevated with 15 g/day COL but did not have a significant impact on MPS when compared to isonitrogenous higher quality protein sources. Exact mechanisms for these adaptations are unclear, with future research using larger sample sizes, elite athletes, female participants and more precise outcome measures such as muscle biopsies and magnetic imagery.

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Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of collagen peptide supplementation on body composition, collagen synthesis, and recovery from joint injury and exercise: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…Our results suggest that tendinopathy-related changes are not the simple enlargement of a healthy tendon in all dimensions but rather deformation occurring in each part differently. MRI was used before by many authors in assessing dimensions of the Achilles tendon because it is an appropriate and reliable method for dimensions evaluation 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, we were unable to find MRI studies assessing the width of the Achilles tendon insertion. Some authors use cross-section area (CSA) in morphological investigations of the Achilles tendon 8 , 27 – 30 . In Achilles tendinopathy, a more extensive cross-section was shown compared to normal tendons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The correlations between dimensions of the normal tendon and tendinopathy changed Achilles tendon in routine magnetic resonance imaging

Szaro

Gataa

2021

Sci Rep

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This comparative study aimed to investigate how tendinopathy-related lesions change correlations in the dimensions of the Achilles tendon. Our experimental group included 74 patients. The mean age was 52.9 ± 10.4 years. The control group included 81 patients with a mean age was 35.2 ± 13.6 years, p < .001. The most significant difference in correlation was the thickness of the tendon and the midportion's width, which was more significant in the tendinopathy (r = .49 vs. r = .01, p < .001). The correlation was positive between width and length of the insertion but negative in normal tendons (r = .21 vs. r = − .23, p < .001). The correlation was between the midportions width in tendinopathy and the tendon's length but negative in the normal tendon (r = .16 vs. r = − .23, p < .001). The average thickness of the midportion in tendinopathy was 11.2 ± 3.3 mm, and 4.9 ± 0.5 mm in the control group, p < .001. The average width of the midportion and insertion was more extensive in the experimental group, 17.2 ± 3.1 mm vs. 14.7 ± 1.8 mm for the midportion and 31.0 ± 3.9 mm vs. 25.7 ± 3.0 mm for insertion, respectively, p < .001. The tendon's average length was longer in tendinopathy (83.5 ± 19.3 mm vs. 61.5 ± 14.4 mm, p < .001). The dimensions correlations in normal Achilles tendon and tendinopathic tendon differ significantly.

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“…There is some evidence that a strain of up to 4% will cause cross-linkages of collagen fibrils to fail. A low amplitude-less than 1%-2%-on the other hand, is a feature of the toe region, where the forces are absorbed mostly by collagen crimping [51]. As far as other current studies go, the strain we selected,…”

Section: Mechanical Loading Of Flexor Tendonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Uniaxial Stretching on Both Gliding and Traction Areas of Tendon Explants in a Novel Bioreactor

Tohidnezhad

Zander

Slowik

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The effects of mechanical stress on cells and their extracellular matrix, especially in gliding sections of tendon, are still poorly understood. This study sought to compare the effects of uniaxial stretching on both gliding and traction areas in the same tendon. Flexor digitorum longus muscle tendons explanted from rats were subjected to stretching in a bioreactor for 6, 24, or 48 h, respectively, at 1 Hz and an amplitude of 2.5%. After stimulation, marker expression was quantified by histological and immunohistochemical staining in both gliding and traction areas. We observed a heightened intensity of scleraxis after 6 and 24 h of stimulation in both tendon types, though it had declined again 48 h after stimulation. We observed induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -13 protein expression in both tendon types. The bioreactor produced an increase in the mechanical structural strength of the tendon during the first half of the loading time and a decrease during the latter half. Uniaxial stretching of flexor tendon in our set-up can serve as an overloading model. A combination of mechanical and histological data allows us to improve the conditions for cultivating tendon tissues.

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A review of methods to measure tendon dimensions

Cited by 17 publications

References 154 publications

The effects of collagen peptide supplementation on body composition, collagen synthesis, and recovery from joint injury and exercise: a systematic review

The effects of collagen peptide supplementation on body composition, collagen synthesis, and recovery from joint injury and exercise: a systematic review

The correlations between dimensions of the normal tendon and tendinopathy changed Achilles tendon in routine magnetic resonance imaging

Impact of Uniaxial Stretching on Both Gliding and Traction Areas of Tendon Explants in a Novel Bioreactor

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