A review of pharmacological effects of xylopic acid

Oge, Elizabeth N.; Obese, Ernest; Biney, Robert Peter; Adakudugu, Emmanuel A.; Agbenyeku, Mary Atta-Panyi; Osei, Silas Acheampong; Cassera, María B.; Valenciano, Ana Lisa; Merino, Emilio F.; Boampong, Johnson Nyarko; Woode, Eric; Adanusa, Madison; Ameyaw, Elvis Ofori

doi:10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20201765

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…An example of one of such herbs is the Xylopia aethiopica. Studies have shown that the plant has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, antiparasitic, and antioxidant properties [3][4][5]. In Ghana, the fruit is used by traditionalists to manage a wide range of disorders as it is believed to have curative effects on dyspepsia, cough, pain, and parasitic infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ghana, the fruit is used by traditionalists to manage a wide range of disorders as it is believed to have curative effects on dyspepsia, cough, pain, and parasitic infections. It is equally used as a spice in the preparation of dishes such as porridge (Hausa Koko), sobolo, other African cuisines, and soups [5,6]. Some food industries use it as a flavoring agent, and in some cosmetic industries, it is used as an agent for fragrance [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Xylopic Acid on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes

Agbenyeku

Appiah–Opong

Obese

et al. 2022

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Introduction. Xylopic acid (XA), the major constituent of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica, has shown several pharmacological properties. Traditionally, the plant is used to treat several diseases and is being used in the preparation of several local foods despite the lack of information about its safety, food-drug interaction, and other pharmacokinetic properties. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of XA on rat liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in vivo and in vitro. Methods. Inhibition or induction of some isoforms of CYP450 enzymes: CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2B1/2B2, 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 were investigated using microsomal fractions of the liver obtained from rats pretreated with a low dose of xylopic acid (LDT) 30 mg/kg, high dose of xylopic acid (HDT) 100 mg/kg, phenobarbitone (PC) 80 mg/kg, and ketoconazole (NC) 100 mg/kg, and a no-treatment group received distilled water, with (n = 5) animals in each group. The in vitro inhibition of CYP 3A4 was assessed by treating rat liver microsomes with XA. Results. Xylopic acid induced CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2D6, and 2C9, inhibited CYP 3A4, and had no effect on 2B1/2B2. Conclusion. The findings would help mitigate toxicity and therapeutic failure especially in cases of coadministration of medications with food containing XA, with metabolism altered by the latter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Xylopic Acid on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes

Agbenyeku

Appiah–Opong

Obese

et al. 2022

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…Xylopic acid, a kaurene diterpene from Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae), possesses many therapeutic benefits. Among these is its antinociceptive effect [10][11] . Woode et al previously reported xylopic acid's antinociceptive mechanism 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylopic acid from Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) inhibits morphine tolerance in rats

Mante¹,

Abakah-Ewusi²,

Mingle³

et al. 2022

Pharm Sci Asia

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Traditionally, Xylopia aethiopica is used to manage pain disorders such as neuralgia, colic pain, rheumatism and headache. Using animal models, this study aimed to investigate the ability of Xylopic Acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene obtained from Xylopia aethiopica, to cause tolerance when administered alone or combined with morphine. Development of withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation was also investigated. Tolerance to morphine was induced in rats through an 8-day regimen of chronic administration of morphine (10 mg/kg; twice daily). Effects of XA alone (100 mg/kg) or XA (10-100 mg/kg) on morphine tolerance and withdrawal syndrome precipitated with naloxone hydrochloride (3 mg/kg) were also assessed. XA's mechanism of action was then explored through drug-receptor binding.Chronic morphine administration in rats resulted in analgesic tolerance and morphine withdrawal syndrome. Chronic XA administration did not result in tolerance to XA's antinociceptive effect. Development of morphine withdrawal syndrome precipitated by naloxone and morphine tolerance was significantly (F(12, 60)=29.88, p<0.0001) inhibited by XA. Xylopic acid inhibited development of diarrhea, jumps and weight loss. Pretreatment with α-2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, 5HT3 antagonist, ondansetron and muscarinic antagonist, atropine, significantly (p=0.0042) blocked the inhibitory effect of XA on withdrawal jumps. Pretreatment with naloxone produced similar effects on withdrawal jumps as XA alone. Drug-receptor binding assays revealed a lack of significant interaction of XA on alpha-2 adrenoceptors (A, B, C) but exhibited significant DOR-selective antagonism similar to naltrindole. This study reveals that xylopic acid significantly inhibits morphine antinociceptive tolerance and withdrawal in rats. This is the first report of xylopic acid's antagonism on delta opioidergic receptors and potential as an inhibitor of chronic morphine tolerance.

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