A Review of Phase III Clinical Trials of Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention

Abstract

Prostate cancer is now the most common nondermatological male malignancy and is the second most common cause of male cancer related death in the UK; approximately 1 in 14 men in the UK will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their life-time.1 Prostate cancer is strongly associated with increasing age, with the mean age of onset being 72-74 years 2 and 96% cases occurring in men over 60 years.3 Cancer chemoprevention can be thought to include reversal and delay of carcinogenesis, in addition to prevention. The high incidence and late age of onset make prostate cancer an ideal target for chemoprevention strategies. Even a modest delay in carcinogenesis would significantly reduce the incidence of the disease. This article reviews completed and on-going phase III clinical trials, of various compounds proposed as prostate cancer preventive agents. It will also discuss the future of research in this area. Prostate cancer is an excellent target for chemoprevention strategies; given its late age of onset, any delay in carcinogenesis would lead to a reduction in its incidence. This article reviews all the completed and on-going phase III trials in prostate cancer chemoprevention. Patients and Methods

Modulatory effects of Crataeva nurvala bark against testosterone and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced oxidative damage in prostate of male albino rats

“…[29] Finasteride is the only intervention that has been shown to reduce the incidence of prostate cancer in a long-term prospective clinical trial. [30]…”

A retrospective analysis illustrating the substantial clinical and economic burden of prostate cancer

“…23 The recently completed REDUCE trial indicated that dutasteride, a more comprehensive 5ARI than finasteride (that is, both isoenzymes), reduced prostate cancer risk by 23% within 4 years. 20,21,24 If such therapies are found to be both safe and effective, they may also represent an opportunity to reduce the impact of costly prostate cancer treatment interventions, not only in economic Clinical and economic burden of prostate cancer ED Crawford et al…”

Effects of Selenite and Genistein on G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

“…Studies have shown that prostate cancer incidence may be reduced by chemopreventive strategies (3). Selenium is an essential element in maintenance of the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and redox-regulatory proteins.…”