A review of porous carbons produced by template methods for supercapacitor applications

Zhang, Wei; Cheng, Rongrong; Bi, Honghui; Lu, Yao-hui; Ma, Lianbo; He, Xiaojun

doi:10.1016/s1872-5805(21)60005-7

Cited by 132 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, according to the different template structures, the template is generally divided into a hard template and a soft template. Hard templates include carbon fiber, [ 148 ] polymer microspheres, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), [ 149 ] etc. For the soft template, there is no fixed rigid structure, the polymer is formed by intermolecular force, and then the material is deposited on the surface of the polymer to form nanomaterials.…”

Section: Znwo4 Nanoarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO₄ with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions

Wang

et al. 2021

Energy Tech

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At present, nanostructures with excellent morphology have become a research hotspot. With the deepening of research and the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanosemiconductors have also made remarkable progress. In recent years, ZnWO4 in metal tungstates has been widely used in many fields, which is mainly due to its high crystal density, short radiation length, excellent optical properties, good radiation damage resistance, and non‐liquefaction. Therefore, herein, the synthesis methods and applications of ZnWO4 semiconductor materials in recent years are reviewed. First, the crystal structure and characteristics of ZnWO4 are described, and then the latest research progress of ZnWO4 semiconductor materials is summarized. The synthesis methods and contributions to photocatalysis, sensors, electronic materials, and luminescent materials are highlighted. The characteristics of ZnWO4 nanoarrays and their applications in supercapacitors are particularly emphasized, which provide a reference for the development of multifunctional nanoarrays. Finally, the challenges and countermeasures of ZnWO4 semiconductor materials are summarized and prospected. In a word, a new idea and strategy to design and assemble new types of ZnWO4 nanomaterials with multiconstructional systems and multifunctional properties for their practical applications is provided.

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Section: Znwo4 Nanoarraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO₄ with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions

Wang

et al. 2021

Energy Tech

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“…The combination of materials with the prevailing pseudocapacitive response and one second class of materials with properties of EDLC are extensively explored to create high-performance electrodes for SCs. A critical material for the fabrication of SCs is graphite, typically employed as an electrode material [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, graphite mining and processing are costly and have a sizeable CO 2 footprint [ 6 , 7 ], and graphene and carbon nanotubes synthesis processes are complex and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A critical material for the fabrication of SCs is graphite, typically employed as an electrode material [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, graphite mining and processing are costly and have a sizeable CO 2 footprint [ 6 , 7 ], and graphene and carbon nanotubes synthesis processes are complex and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Sustainable Biomass-Derived Porous Biochars as Promising Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

et al. 2022

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Preparing sustainable and highly efficient biochars as electrodes remains a challenge for building green energy storage devices. In this study, efficient carbon electrodes for supercapacitors were prepared via a facile and sustainable single-step pyrolysis method using spruce bark as a biomass precursor. Herein, biochars activated by KOH and ZnCl2 are explored as templates to be applied to prepare electrodes for supercapacitors. The physical and chemical properties of biochars for application as supercapacitors electrodes were strongly affected by factors such as the nature of the activators and the meso/microporosity, which is a critical condition that affects the internal resistance and diffusive conditions for the charge accumulation process in a real supercapacitor. Results confirmed a lower internal resistance and higher phase angle for devices prepared with ZnCl2 in association with a higher mesoporosity degree and distribution of Zn residues into the matrix. The ZnCl2-activated biochar electrodes’ areal capacitance reached values of 342 mF cm−2 due to the interaction of electrical double-layer capacitance/pseudocapacitance mechanisms in a matrix that favors hydrophilic interactions and the permeation of electrolytes into the pores. The results obtained in this work strongly suggest that the spruce bark can be considered a high-efficiency precursor for biobased electrode preparation to be employed in SCs.

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“…The typical method for preparing NCPCs is the template method [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The template (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , or zeolite) can be removed by chemical etching by reacting with acids and bases (HCl, NaOH, or HF) to form soluble substances or gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution and Its Correlation with Performance in Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon Prepared by Polypyrrole Carbonization: Insights from Hybrid Calculations

Bian

et al. 2022

Materials

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The preparation of nitrogen-containing porous carbon (NCPC) materials by controlled carbonization is an exciting topic due to their high surface area and good conductivity for use in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. However, the poor controllability of amorphous porous carbon prepared by carbonization has always been a tough problem due to the unclear carbonation mechanism, which thus makes it hard to reveal the microstructure–performance relationship. To address this, here, we comprehensively employed reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulations and first-principles calculations, together with machine learning technologies, to clarify the carbonation process of polypyrrole, including the deprotonation and formation of pore structures with temperature, as well as the relationship between microstructure, conductance, and pore size. This work constructed ring expressions for PPy thermal conversion at the atomic level. It revealed the structural factors that determine the conductivity and pore size of carbonized products. More significantly, physically interpretable machine learning models were determined to quantitatively express structure factors and performance structure–activity relationships. Our study also confirmed that deprotonation preferentially occurred by desorbing the dihydrogen atom on nitrogen atoms during the carbonization of PPy. This theoretical work clearly reproduces the microstructure evolution of polypyrrole on an atomic scale that is hard to do via experimentation, thus paving a new way to the design and development of nitrogen-containing porous carbon materials with controllable morphology and performance.

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A review of porous carbons produced by template methods for supercapacitor applications

Cited by 132 publications

References 48 publications

Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO₄ with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions

Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO₄ with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions

Facile Synthesis of Sustainable Biomass-Derived Porous Biochars as Promising Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Microstructure Evolution and Its Correlation with Performance in Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon Prepared by Polypyrrole Carbonization: Insights from Hybrid Calculations

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A review of porous carbons produced by template methods for supercapacitor applications

Cited by 132 publications

References 48 publications

Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO4 with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions

Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO4 with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions

Facile Synthesis of Sustainable Biomass-Derived Porous Biochars as Promising Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Microstructure Evolution and Its Correlation with Performance in Nitrogen-Containing Porous Carbon Prepared by Polypyrrole Carbonization: Insights from Hybrid Calculations

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Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO₄ with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions

Synthesis Methods and Applications of Semiconductor Material ZnWO₄ with Multifunctions and Multiconstructions