A review of potential human carcinogenicity of the chlorophenoxy herbicides MCPA, MCPP, and 2,4-DP.

Bond, Gregory G.; Rossbacher, R.

doi:10.1136/oem.50.4.340

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…If this were the case, the potential effect from herbicide exposure on lung cancer mortality could only be studied in these data if smoking information were available. Because this is an ecologic study, there is the possibility of an ecologic fallacy, which occurs when the association observed for counties or groups of counties does not hold for individuals (8,11,28,29). However, ecologic studies do have some advantages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer mortality in four northern wheat-producing states.

Schreinemachers

2000

Environ Health Perspect

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer mortality in four northern wheat-producing states.

Schreinemachers

2000

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In addition, as DBCP is also known to damage human male reproductive organs, it is plausible that it could contribute to the development of prostate cancer (for review, see [56]). The scientific evidence in humans and animals relevant to cancer risk of chlorophenoxy herbicides has been reviewed by several authors (e.g., [133][134][135][136]). IARC evaluation of the carcinogenicity of chlorophenoxy herbicides concluded that there is inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity in animals and limited evidence that occupational exposures to chlorophenoxy herbicides are carcinogenic to humans (group 2B: possibly carcinogenic to humans) [133].…”

Section: Methodological Aspects Of the Present Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Meta-analysis of Risk Estimates for Prostate Cancer in Pesticide Manufacturing Workers

Maele-Fabry

Libotte

Willems

et al. 2006

Cancer Causes Control

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The overall meta-analysis provides additional quantitative evidence consistent with prior reviews focusing on other groups exposed to pesticides (farmers, pesticide applicators). The results again point to occupational exposure to pesticides as a possible risk factor for prostate cancer but the question of causality remains unanswered. Epidemiological evidence did not allow identifying a specific pesticide or chemical class that would be responsible for the increased risk but the strongest evidence comes from workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides possibly in relation with dioxin and/or furan contamination.

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“…Bond and Rossbacher [39] report on two studies based on cohorts that manufactured MCPA. The first, Lynge [107] evaluated 4459 chemical workers from two of four companies that had produced phenoxy herbicides in Denmark, although these workers were also engaged in the manufacture of diverse chemical products including not only herbicides but dyes and pigments as well.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bond and Rossbacher [39] report that MCPA did not cause point mutations when tested in the Ames test or the host mediated assay or in mammalian (V79) cells. No increase occurred in chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells after oral exposure of the animals.…”

Section: Toxicological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1993, Bond and Rossbacher [39] published a review of potential human carcinogenicity of the chlorophenoxy herbicides MCPA, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propanoic acid (MCPP), and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP). They evaluated the epidemiologic evidence, particularly based on European studies, for associations between exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides and cancer, including NHL, HD, and STS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Carcinogenic Outcomes and Potential Mechanisms from Exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA in the Environment

Stackelberg

2013

Journal of Toxicology

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Chlorophenoxy compounds, particularly 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA), are amongst the most widely used herbicides in the United States for both agricultural and residential applications. Epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA may be associated with increased risk non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), leukemia, and soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). Toxicological studies in rodents show no evidence of carcinogenicity, and regulatory agencies worldwide consider chlorophenoxies as not likely to be carcinogenic or unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity. This systematic review assembles the available data to evaluate epidemiologic, toxicological, pharmacokinetic, exposure, and biomonitoring studies with respect to key cellular events noted in disease etiology and how those relate to hypothesized modes of action for these constituents to determine the plausibility of an association between exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,4-D and MCPA and lymphohematopoietic cancers. The combined evidence does not support a genotoxic mode of action. Although plausible hypotheses for other carcinogenic modes of action exist, a comparison of biomonitoring data to oral equivalent doses calculated from bioassay data shows that environmental exposures are not sufficient to support a causal relationship. Genetic polymorphisms exist that are known to increase the risk of developing NHL. The potential interaction between these polymorphisms and exposures to chlorophenoxy compounds, particularly in occupational settings, is largely unknown.

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A review of potential human carcinogenicity of the chlorophenoxy herbicides MCPA, MCPP, and 2,4-DP.

Abstract: For the purpose ofassessing the human carcin-

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Cancer mortality in four northern wheat-producing states.

Cancer mortality in four northern wheat-producing states.

Review and Meta-analysis of Risk Estimates for Prostate Cancer in Pesticide Manufacturing Workers

A Systematic Review of Carcinogenic Outcomes and Potential Mechanisms from Exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA in the Environment

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