A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease

Abstract

Introduction and motivation: Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. With the rapid spread of this virus, an immense burden has fallen upon both healthcare and economic systems. As a consequence, there is an unprecedented urgency for researchers and scientific committees from all over the world to find an effective treatment and vaccine. Review Structure: Many potential therapies are currently under investigation, with some, like Hydroxychloroquine, being authorized for emergency use in some countries. The crucial issue is now clearly to find the suitable treatment strategy for patients given comorbidities and the timeline of the illness. Vaccines are also under development and phase 1 clinical trials are rolling. Despite all efforts, no single drug or vaccine has yet been approved. In this review, we aim at presenting the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and to provide clinicians with a brief and solid overview of the current potential treatments classified according to their use at the three different currently proposed disease stages. In light of pathogenesis and proposed clinical classification, this review's purpose is to summarize and simplify the most important updates on the management and the potential treatment of this emergent disease.

Does Ibrutinib impact outcomes of viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 in mantle cell lymphoma patients?

“…Patients with COVID-19 experience mild to moderate disease in 80% of cases, the rest may present with severe symptoms leading to critical conditions for which there is massive concern due to the rapid viral dissemination and limited medical resources, even in developed countries [ 4 , 5 ]. Patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 have an increased risk of death compared to the general population, depending on the age of the patient, time since diagnosis, disease status or type of hematological malignancy [ [6] , [7] , [8] ].…”

“…Although serological tests were negative for the first case and a PCR-confirmed COVID-19 couldn’t be documented, highly suggestive radiological signs alongside the typical clinical manifestations (general, respiratory and digestive) in addition to high CRP level on admission [ 4 ] were indicative of COVID-19 infection.…”

Data and Text Mining Help Identify Key Proteins Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms Shared by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1

“…The dangerous spreading of SARS-CoV-2 has given rise to multiple attempts of repurposing of drugs initially developed against other viruses, such as hepatitis C, HIV-1, influenza, etc., along with host-targeted drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

“…There are a few experimental and computational approaches examining the possibility of usage of known antiviral drugs, including those employed for the treatment of viral hepatitis C and antiretroviral drugs, to treat SARS-CoV-2 [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. There are several studies describing the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 using antiretroviral drugs, such as remdesivir [ 10 ], lopinavir/ritonavir, and darunavir [ 9 , 11 ].…”

Forecasting the spread of COVID-19 under different reopening strategies

“…It has also had substantial impacts on daily lives and economic activities 2,3 . Many studies have focused on measuring who are affected the most by COVID-19 4,5 , or which therapies are appropriate at each stage of the disease [6][7][8] . However, it is also crucial to understand how the spread of COVID-19 depends on preventive measures such as social distancing and how the reopening may affect the spread.…”