A review of progressive advanced polymer nanohybrid membrane in fuel cell application

Zakaria, Zulfirdaus; Shaari, Norazuwana; Kamarudin, Siti Kartom; Bahru, Raihana; Musa, Maryam Taufiq

doi:10.1002/er.5516

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 354 publications

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“…Here, we have focused on the utilization of CPNHs as catalysts and support matrices in direct methanol fuel cells, direct ethanol fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells. As conducting polymers have unique features in terms of high electronic conductivity due to the presence of the conjugated backbone, better electron delocalization from the CP to the hybrid metal, and high surface area, these properties make the CPNH an attractive material to study their physicochemical properties and to further their application to different types of PEMFCs [ 111 ]. Up until now, limited alloy-based multi-metallic efficient electrocatalyst-supported CPs have been studied [ 112 ], and in fact, transition metal-based CPNHs have not been reported so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Fuel Cell Application

2020

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Carbon materials such as carbon graphitic structures, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanosheets are extensively used as supports for electrocatalysts in fuel cells. Alternatively, conducting polymers displayed ultrahigh electrical conductivity and high chemical stability havegenerated an intense research interest as catalysts support for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as well as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Moreover, metal or metal oxides catalysts can be immobilized on the pure polymer or the functionalized polymer surface to generate conducting polymer-based nanohybrids (CPNHs) with improved catalytic performance and stability. Metal oxides generally have large surface area and/or porous structures and showed unique synergistic effects with CPs. Therefore, a stable, environmentally friendly bio/electro-catalyst can be obtained with CPNHs along with better catalytic activity and enhanced electron-transfer rate. The mass activity of Pd/polypyrrole (PPy) CPNHs as an anode material for ethanol oxidation is 7.5 and 78 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C and bulk Pd/PPy. The Pd rich multimetallic alloys incorporated on PPy nanofibers exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity which is approximately 5.5 times higher than monometallic counter parts. Similarly, binary and ternary Pt-rich electrocatalysts demonstrated superior catalytic activity for the methanol oxidation, and the catalytic activity of Pt24Pd26Au50/PPy significantly improved up to 12.5 A per mg Pt, which is approximately15 times higher than commercial Pt/C (0.85 A per mg Pt). The recent progress on CPNH materials as anode/cathode and membranes for fuel cell has been systematically reviewed, with detailed understandings into the characteristics, modifications, and performances of the electrode materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Fuel Cell Application

2020

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“…(A) Diagram illustration for alkaline‐acid DEFC system (A) Polarization curves ethanol fuel cell, (B) The best polarization curve and power output for the alkaline‐acid DEFC, 14 (C) Polarization curve with function of hydrogen peroxide concentration, (D) Polarization curve with function of sulfuric acid concentration, (E and F) the morphologies of bifunctional electrode at different magnification 209 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Alkaline Direct Alcohol Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DLFCs, electricity is generated by inserting the fuel to the anode, followed by oxidation; air or oxygen is forwarded to the cathode to complete the reduction process. Electron goes across the exterior path, while protons pass through the electrolyte membrane 12‐14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

et al. 2021

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Summary Direct liquid fuel cell (DLFC) is one of the leading fuel cell types due to their great features of superior energy density, modest configuration, small size in fuel container, immediate boosting, and effortless storage and carriage. Commercially used liquid fuel types are prepared using alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, glycol, and acids. DLFCs face great challenges although they are potentially far‐reaching depending on the expensive catalysts and the use of high‐loading catalyst. More questions that should be addressed to ensure excellent DLFC performance include cathode flooding, fuel crossover, numerous side yield production, fuel security, and unverified elongated‐duration robustness. Further studies need to be carried out to ensure the continuous improvement of the quality of DLFCs' performance and their penetration in the commercial market. To date, direct liquid fuel cells made of methanol and ethanol have been successfully produced in commercial scale, but other types of DLFCs are still under study. In this review, introduction to DLFC will be discussed by covering work and commercialization as well as recent progress and challenges encountered.

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“…The fluorocarbon side chain terminates in a sulfonic acid, which ensures it high ion conductivity, especially when it is in a wet state. Owing to the characteristics mentioned above, Nafion has been widely studied and used in electrochemistry field for several decades as a conventional membrane used in the fuel cell application 2,3 . In recent years, its application in other fields is also attempted, such as, sensors, 4–6 catalysis, 7–9 medicine, 10,11 pervaporation, 12,13 and gas separation 14–20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the characteristics mentioned above, Nafion has been widely studied and used in electrochemistry field for several decades as a conventional membrane used in the fuel cell application. 2,3 In recent years, its application in other fields is also attempted, such as, sensors, [4][5][6] catalysis, [7][8][9] medicine, 10,11 pervaporation, 12,13 and gas separation. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The first comprehensive study on the gas permeation in a Nafion membrane was reported by Chiou and Paul 21 and it was found that the membrane had high separation factors for He/CH 4 , He/H 2 , and N 2 /CH 4 relative to other polymeric membranes, appearing to offer some attractive features for these gas pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of a novel Nafion‐PTFE composite hollow fiber membrane

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nafion has been widely used in electrochemistry, but there are only a few reports on its application in other fields, such as, gas separation, even though it exhibits good performance. The primary reason for that is the high cost of Nafion and making a composite membrane with a thin Nafion layer is a potential solution to solve this problem. In this study, a novel Nafion‐PTFE composite hollow fiber membrane, which had a thin (~5 μm) and detect‐free Nafion layer on PTFE surface, without Nafion filling substrate pores was developed, differing from the reported ones in which Nafion resin was required to impregnate into porous PTFE membrane as thorough as possible to ensure the ion conductivity and operation stability. The surface morphology, crystallite, solubility in ethanol/water mixture, and water uptake of membranes were systemically investigated. The gas permeance tests were also conducted. The permeances of different gasses of prepared composite membranes were significantly enhanced compared with the commercial membranes due to the decrease of Nafion thicknesses, while the selectivity remained the same, verifying the detect‐free structure of Nafion layer on PTFE substrate. This study provided a good reference for the preparation and application of low‐cost Nafion composite membranes.

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A review of progressive advanced polymer nanohybrid membrane in fuel cell application

Cited by 51 publications

References 354 publications

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Fuel Cell Application

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Fuel Cell Application

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

Fabrication and characterization of a novel Nafion‐PTFE composite hollow fiber membrane

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