A review of radiative heating in automated layup and its modelling

Orth, Tilman

doi:10.3139/o999.01022017

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…Current investigations are to bring the DFP to new, large-volume application levels, such as the production of large components (shell-parts, wings) in aviation or automotive applications. In these applications and for the production of inertia-loaded structures, the most common is the processing of CF rovings [2,3,[23][24][25]. Also, it is known that compared to woven fabrics or noncrimp fabrics (NCF) preforms made by DFP show a deficient impregnation behavior, which results from the lack of meso-flow channels (gaps between the fiber bundles) in the DFP preforms.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry fiber placement of carbon/steel fiber hybrid preforms for multifunctional composites

Kuhn

Rehra

May

et al. 2019

Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science

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Integration of steel fibers (SF) in carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC) allows improvement of electrical conductivity while maintaining excellent mechanical properties, since SF also contribute to the load-carrying capacity. Due to their high ductility, also energy absorption and structural integrity can be improved. Within this study, a preforming process for hybrid carbon/SF preforms based on dry fiber placement (DFP) is developed and validated. The investigations cover the production of bindered SF rovings, the production of hybrid preforms via DFP of spread and nonspread SF rovings on CF noncrimp fabrics (CF-NCF) as well as the production of hybrid laminates via vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI). The laminate quality was evaluated by microscopic images and mechanical tensile testing. A higher SF volume content within the SF areas and more homogeneous SF layers in the preform (fewer matrix-rich zones) were achieved by processing nonspread SF rovings. The more homogeneous SF layers within the samples with nonspread SF rovings compared to spread SF rovings led to higher stiffness and strength of the specimens for tension loadings and therefore to best results.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry fiber placement of carbon/steel fiber hybrid preforms for multifunctional composites

Kuhn

Rehra

May

et al. 2019

Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science

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“…In manufacturing of the large structural components such as fuselage panels and wing covers made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, automated fiber placement (AFP) of thermoset prepreg plays a key role [1]. In these processes, the controlled input of heat is one of the most important parameters [2,3]. Heating the material immediately ahead of the compaction roller to approximately 35 À 40 C is required to increase the material's tack to reliably adhere the newly placed tows to the substrate [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these processes, the controlled input of heat is one of the most important parameters [2,3]. Heating the material immediately ahead of the compaction roller to approximately 35 À 40 C is required to increase the material's tack to reliably adhere the newly placed tows to the substrate [2,4,5]. Historically, all mechanisms of heat transfer have been used for the heating, but today usually radiative heat transfer by means of infrared lamps is employed [2,3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical thermal model for LED heating in thermoset-automated fiber placement

Orth

Krahl

Parlevliet

et al. 2018

Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science

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Control of material temperature distribution and governing phenomena during automated fiber placement is an important factor. Numerical modeling of the radiative heat transfer for a newly presented LED-based heating unit is developed and analyzed in theory. An optical model allows taking into account the radiative energy output of every individual LED. By adjusting the electrical input to the multiple LED arrays on the heating unit, the irradiance distribution on the substrate's surface can be controlled. To investigate the capability to adjust the surface temperature distribution resulting from this feature, thermal models for two and three dimensions are developed and employed for the calculated irradiance distributions. The resulting temperature distributions show that temperature gradients can be avoided or created, depending on the input to the heating unit. The results from the two models are compared and a method to select an appropriate model in general is proposed.

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“…Laser heat sources offer high heat flux and fast control of the laser power. 3,4 For a high productivity, high energy density is required to rapidly melt the thermoplastic matrix but keep it below its degradation threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pitchumani et al 1 analyzed the interfacial bonding and void dynamics during fiber placement. As in the previous papers, 4,9 the incoming tape is modeled instantaneously laid down and heated from above. Their thermodynamic model considers the thermal dependency of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity but assumes uniform heat input and perfect heat transfer between the plies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of the temperature profile during the laser-assisted automated fiber placement of CFRP tapes with thermoplastic matrix

Kollmannsberger

Lichtinger

Hohenester

et al. 2017

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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In this study, a thermodynamic model of a laser-assisted automated thermoplastic fiber placement process is developed and validated. The main focus is on modeling the heat transfer into the composite with a laser heat source, the thermal properties of the tape, and the resulting heat distribution in the part, the mold, and the compaction roller. A new integrated analytical method is presented to calculate the energy input of the laser based on the geometric boundary conditions, including first-order reflection and laser shadow. The carbon fiber/polyethersulphone tape is modeled by combining literature properties of carbon fiber and matrix as well as based on experimental data of the tape itself. Also a thermal contact resistance between the tape layers is modeled based on a literature model and own experimental measurements. The created model is discretized and implemented in a 2-D finite difference code. With the help of this simulation, the temperature distribution is calculated during layup. The influence of a possible thermal contact resistance between the composite layers is investigated. Furthermore, an experiment with a thermoplastic fiber placement machine from Advanced Fibre Placement Technology GmbH (AFPT) was conducted in order to evaluate the simulation. The simulation and the experiment show a good agreement and prove that thermal contact resistance between the layers is negligible for the investigation process.

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A review of radiative heating in automated layup and its modelling

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Dry fiber placement of carbon/steel fiber hybrid preforms for multifunctional composites

Dry fiber placement of carbon/steel fiber hybrid preforms for multifunctional composites

Optical thermal model for LED heating in thermoset-automated fiber placement

Numerical analysis of the temperature profile during the laser-assisted automated fiber placement of CFRP tapes with thermoplastic matrix

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