Dry fiber placement of carbon/steel fiber hybrid preforms for multifunctional composites

Abstract

Integration of steel fibers (SF) in carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC) allows improvement of electrical conductivity while maintaining excellent mechanical properties, since SF also contribute to the load-carrying capacity. Due to their high ductility, also energy absorption and structural integrity can be improved. Within this study, a preforming process for hybrid carbon/SF preforms based on dry fiber placement (DFP) is developed and validated. The investigations cover the production of bindered SF rovings, the production of hybrid preforms via DFP of spread and nonspread SF rovings on CF noncrimp fabrics (CF-NCF) as well as the production of hybrid laminates via vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI). The laminate quality was evaluated by microscopic images and mechanical tensile testing. A higher SF volume content within the SF areas and more homogeneous SF layers in the preform (fewer matrix-rich zones) were achieved by processing nonspread SF rovings. The more homogeneous SF layers within the samples with nonspread SF rovings compared to spread SF rovings led to higher stiffness and strength of the specimens for tension loadings and therefore to best results.

Binders Used for the Manufacturing of Composite Materials by Liquid Composite Molding

“…Because of all this, this technology is increasingly used today, and new studies appeared recently where it was adapted to new topics, for example, for obtaining products from recycled carbon fibers or carbon/steel fiber hybrid preforms [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Investigations on the development of impact-resistant thermoplastic fibre hybrid composites from glass and steel fibre

“…The hybridisation of FRP with metals not only serves to advantageously complement the respective mechanical properties but also to generate or increase additional functional properties, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, temperature resistance and permeability. [5][6][7] The hybridisation of high-performance fibres with metals has so far been mainly limited to the macroscopic scale, involving layered combination of metal and highperformance fibres as hybrid fibre composites. [8][9][10] At the macroscopic scale, a notable technique is laminate hybridisation, where alternating layers of metal sheets and FRP are systematically combined.…”

Influence of environmental conditioning on mechanical properties of carbon dry fibre preformed thermoplastic matrix composites manufactured via automated placement-resin infusion process

“…Dry fibre tapes have a small percentage of binder content (5-17%) to provide tack during and after placement. The common types of binder system used are co-polyamides, epoxies, polyester and polyhydroxyether [3][4][5]. The area of dry fibre tapes is still in the early stages of development with only a few known material suppliers.…”

“…Most material suppliers have a proprietary resin system for each dry fibre system. Hence, limited literature is openly available and mainly caters for aerospace applications [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The interaction of the binder system with the resin is an important study for wider acceptability and selection of materials for specific applications [1,3].…”