A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part II: Representations, analysis, and design for the life cycle

Finger, Susan; Dixon, John R.

doi:10.1007/bf01580205

Cited by 194 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Examples include assembly, manufacturability, testability, reliability, and many others (Finger & Dixon, 1989b;Suri & Shimizu, 1989;Whitney, 1990). Deficiencies varied with product domain, but the source of the problems was similar to what we had observed --suppliers believed that useful information about assembly, manufacturability, etc., was available, but was not being factored into design decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…We conducted 62 interviews '.vIh aerospace crew systeoi designers (Cody, 1989), collected 168 questionnaires from participants at four different workshops devoted to uses of human-related information in design (Cody & Rcaiie, 1989;Rouse & Cody, 1989a, 1989b, and took up residence for six months with a 10-member Air 7 orce group in the early stages of their designing a new cockpit for a fighter aircraft (Sewell, 1990). Table I summarizes who we studied according to nature of their work, job specialty, and data collection method.…”

Section: Naturalist Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, with advancements in automation, the design goal is often to replace the human skill, judgment and even creativity where possible (cf. Finger & Dixon, 1989a, 1989b. Resulting tools are then presented to users with the hope that they will be useful and that design outcomes will improve.…”

Section: Support Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated Information Management for Designers: Functional Requirements for Computer Based Associates That Support Access and Use of Technical Information in Design

Cody¹,

Rouse²,

Boff³

1993

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response. including the time for reviewing instructions. searching existing data sources. gatherq a•nd maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)The purpose of this program was to analyze the process of complex system design to determine why designers often fail to consider potentially valuable technical information in making design decisions.Based on this analysis, the goal was to define functional requirements for a new class of supports that will enhance designers' access and use of such information.Termed Designer's Associates, these supports derive from a thorough understanding of designer's tasks and the services that intelligent computing technologies make possible.14. The purpose of this program was to analyze the process of complex system design to determine why designers often fail to consider potentially valuable technical information in making design decisions. Based on this analysis, the goal was to define functional requirements for a new class of supports that will enhance designers' access and use of such information. Termed Designer's Associates, these supports derive from a thorough understanding of designers' tasks and the services that intelligent computing technologies make possible.Relevant design information exists in a variety of places, expressed in many forms, of varying quality, etc. It includes both system-specific and system-independent elements. Information also tends to be distributed across "data islands," making availability a problem. The designer may not be aware of, misinterpret, or not value relevant information that could improve his decisions. For better or worse, each designer assesses the costs and benefits associated with information access, and acts in accord with this evaluation. A poor evaluation can effectively block information from affecting design choices. The surrounding milieu, which is composed of co-workers, organizations and technology, can interfere with access and use in a variety of direct and subtle ways.One approach for improving information access and utilization is through use of a new concept in intelligent computer-based supports called "mixed-initiative support systems." In these systems, decision-making authority and task performance can be delegated to machine intelligence to augment human performance. Based on successful application of mixed-initiative systems in the aviation and process control domains, we examine the prospects for applying this technology to information access and use in design. We consider technological needs, system architecture, and how such a support system might be evaluated. The effort involved our examining the processes by which complex systems evolve, with most examples taken from military aircraft and aircr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Naturalist Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated Information Management for Designers: Functional Requirements for Computer Based Associates That Support Access and Use of Technical Information in Design

Cody¹,

Rouse²,

Boff³

1993

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“…In fact, there were some other classifications of design research [24] which provided categorized spectrums of design research, or the earlier one [25] that attempted to classify design methodologies in mechanical engineering research area. However, their classifications were constructed without clear resolution and in more narrowed disciplines, so it was difficult to locate the new methodology in their classification styles.…”

Section: Historical Positioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Methodology for Appropriate Technology: Engineering as if People Mattered

et al. 2013

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Since the emerging of its idea circa four decades ago, Appropriate Technology (AT) had been proven as a comprehensive solution in a limited condition. However, practitioners & academia have different opinions with engineers on how an AT must be designed. Researchers had noted the crucial factors in the issue as such, and they gave a notion of the urgency for a dedicated design methodology for AT. This study, therefore, aims to provide it. Such methodology is developed by incorporating AT characteristics, fundamental issues in community empowerment, and the principles of existing design methodologies. The methodology emphasizes combination between bottom-up and top-down design approaches. It means that an AT must be started purely from local conditions rather than given technical specifications, and be given back to local people to be seamlessly integrated into their routines. It also underlines the crucial importance of community involvement throughout design stages. By looking at previous design methodologies that were developed based on pure Engineering Problem Solving (EPS), this study delivers a fresh and comprehensive one that covers surrounding issues and concepts to produce an AT based on the real meaning of technological appropriateness.

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“…This situation was, of course, not true around the time of the establishment of the DTM conference series 25 years ago as recollections by David G. Ullman (Section 2 on page 2) affirm. At a time when 'design research' tended to be regarded as research about the behavioral and structural specification for a specific type or class of mechanical device, Finger and Dixon, in reviewing the state of mechanical engineering design research, identified the broad scope of 'design research' [1,2]. They identified six areas of design research: 1) descriptive models of design; 2) prescriptive models of design, such as the Formal Design Theory [3,4] further discussed in this paper in Section 5 on page 6; 3) computer-based models of design processes; 4) design representations, such as functional representations discussed in this paper in Section 7 on page 9; 5) design analysis including the analysis of the affordance of designs as discussed in Section 6 on page 8; and 6) design for the lifecycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DTM at 25: Essays on Themes and Future Directions

Braha

Brown

Chakrabarti

et al. 2013

Volume 5: 25th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology; ASME 2013 Power Transmission and Gearing Conference

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This paper describes the development and evolution of research themes in the Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) conference. Essays containing reflections on the history of DTM, supported by an analysis of session titles and papers winning the "best paper award", describe the development of the research themes. A second set of essays describes the evolution of several key research themes. Two broad trends in research themes are evident, with a third one emerging. The topics of the papers in the first decade or so reflect an underlying aim to apply artificial intelligence toward developing systems that could 'design'. To do so required understanding how human designers behave, formalizing design processes so that they could be computed, and formalizing representations of design knowledge. The themes in the first DTM conference and the recollections of the DTM founders reflect this underlying aim. The second decade of DTM saw the emergence of product development as an underlying concern and included a growth in a systems view of design. More recently, there appears to be a trend toward design-led innovation, which entails both executing the design process more efficiently and understanding the characteristics of market-leading designs so as to produce engineered products and systems of exceptional levels of quality and customer satisfaction.

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A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part II: Representations, analysis, and design for the life cycle

Cited by 194 publications

References 49 publications

Automated Information Management for Designers: Functional Requirements for Computer Based Associates That Support Access and Use of Technical Information in Design

Automated Information Management for Designers: Functional Requirements for Computer Based Associates That Support Access and Use of Technical Information in Design

Design Methodology for Appropriate Technology: Engineering as if People Mattered

DTM at 25: Essays on Themes and Future Directions

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