I. INTRODUCTIONEMTS based on the GaN/AlGaN materials system are rapidly becoming the semiconductor device of choice for RF and power switching applications. These devices require a semi-insulating buffer to suppress leakage and punch-through. RF devices frequently make use of iron (Fe) doping to render the GaN insulating, but for the higher voltages required for many power switching applications, it has been found that carbon (C) doping delivers higher breakdown voltage and lower off-state leakage [1,2]. Unfortunately it has also been found that using carbon can result in a transitory increase in R ON , also known as current-collapse (CC), when switched from the off to the on-state [2,3]. With field plates now universally used to control surface effects, it is clear that the remaining CC in these devices mostly results from charge storage in deep levels in the buffer. Our previous studies have shown that the difference in CC between Fe and C doping results from their acceptor trap levels pinning the bulk Fermi level in the upper and lower halves of the bandgap respectively [4]. GaN:C is p-type with its low hole density, and hence high resistivity, giving long time constants for charging processes (a hole density of only 10 4 cm -3 was inferred in [5]