A Review of Rh Serology and Presentation of a New Terminology

Rosenfield, Richard E.; Allen, Fred H.; Swisher, Scott N.; Kochwa, Shaul

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962.tb00244.x

Cited by 113 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The genotype assignment is based on the family data. As will be evident from the results, the data obtained in this study do not favor or support any of the three Rh nomenclatures in current use (6,7,12). Table II.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Relationship between Rh0(D) Zygosity and Red Cell Rh0(D) Antigen Content in Family Members*

Masouredis¹,

Dupuy²,

Elliot³

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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Summary. The red cells of 63 members of 11 families were tested with 125I-labeled anti-Rh0(D). Families with a history of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to fetomaternal Rh incompatibility were selected for study. In such families it was possible to determine the antibody binding to the Rho(D) heterozygous red cells of the children and to compare within each family this value with the antibody bound to the father's Rh0(D)-positive red cells and the mother's Rh0(D)-negative red cells. The fathers in all the families studied could be assigned to two classes on the basis of the quantity of antibody bound to their red cells. One group bound about the same quantity of antibody to their cells as did their children, indicating that they were heterozygous for the Rho(D) antigen. The other bound about twice as much antibody to their cells as did their children, indicating that they were homozygous for the antigen. The Rh genotype of the father in all 11 families could be ascertained by using the children in each family as a reference point. The members of two families showed a poor correspondence between antibody binding and zygosity. In one family an Rh heterozygous child (R1r) took up 85% of the antibody bound to the father's homozygous cells (R'R'), and in the other family an Rh heterozygous child (R1r) took up 20% more antibody than did the cells of her father, which were of the same Rh phenotype (Rh,) and zygosity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Relationship between Rh0(D) Zygosity and Red Cell Rh0(D) Antigen Content in Family Members*

Masouredis¹,

Dupuy²,

Elliot³

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…It would obviously be desirable to find one which is generally acceptable. The revised nomenclature recently proposed for the Rh blood group' system in man and the histocompatibility genes and antigens in the mouse (16,33), provides a model for the notation used in this paper (13). In view of the crossreactions between the strains so far studied, the designation of a type strain for each allele is advantageous.…”

Section: Allelic Types Of Inbred Mouse Strains--sixty-eight Mouse Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin Isoantigens (Allotypes) in the Mouse

Herzenberg

Warner

Herzenberg

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Eight antigens of 7S γ2-immunoglobulins controlled by alleles at a single locus Ig-1, have been identified in mice. This locus has previously been shown to determine antigenic specificities on the F fragments of 7S γ2a-globulins. The reactions of these antigens with various isoantisera have shown that the antigens all cross react with one another. New methods for the analysis of antigenic specificities of soluble proteins are presented in detail. A sensitive method for detecting in the order of 0.01 µg of these isoantigens has been developed, based on the quantitative inhibition of precipitation of I125-labeled antigen. Cross-reactions of the antigens were analysed in inhibition assays and the data is compatible with the existence of a minimum of eight antigenic specificities. Each of the antigens is composed of different combinations of these specificities, with only one antigen having a specificity not present in any other. Sixty-eight mouse strains have been tested with specific isoantisera, and on the basis of the results, have been placed into the eight allele groups. Evidence for close genetic linkage of the Ig-1 locus and 11 chromosome markers has been sought and not found.

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“…The common alleles of R-'7, collectively termed R17, regulate directly the degree of expression of the Rh4 or 21 structural region in which several alternative antigenic characteristics are known (1,2). Data are insufficient to further resolve this structural region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 also cannot be resolved beyond treating its genes as a series of alternatives (1,2,32 Ascribing control functions to genetic determinants of antigenic specificities such as Rh29, Rhl7, Rhi8, and Rh34 is not necessarily contradictory. Such antigens could be properties of structural products arising in consequence of each and all "on"l alleles at corresponding control loci.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Model for the Rh Blood-Group System

Rosenfield

Allen

Rubinstein

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Inherited quantitative aspects of the Rh blood-group system and susceptibility of Rh to the effects of independently segregating suppressor genes can be accounted for with a conjugated operon model. This assumes the existence of four operator or promotor (control) genes for these functions, while closely linked structural regions determine the qualitative characteristics of Rh antigens. Observed restriction of antigenic crossreactivity to the products of adjacent genetic regions and data from blood typing of nonhuman primates both suggest that Rh complexity arose from a series of gene duplications and independent mutations.The 33 qualitatively different antigenic specificities of the Rh blood-group system (1, 2) have become extraordinarily difficult to organize systematically. Each allele at the Rh locus determines a variable number of different antigens (3,4), and recombination has been observed in just one family (5). In addition, quantitative differences in the expression of Rh antigens are also under the control of Rh genes (6). Accommodation of quantitative data by genetic theories devised to account only for qualitative alloantigenic variants (3,4,7,8) results in a vast increase in an already overwhelmingly large number of complex alleles.In this report, Rh data have been arranged in a manner that distinguishes qualitative from quantitative information. From this arrangement, a consistent genetic model emerges that may provide a biologically sounder conceptual basis for this complex system.In the Rh system (see Table 1 for glossary of terms) Rh: wl (Rh or DU) was the first quantitative variant found (9). A most interesting situation was shown to involve allelic interaction, with the R-",2 -3 (r' or dCe) gene being suppressive of RI alleles (R or D) in trans position (10). Quantitative variants of RI were documented quantitatively by Silber et al. (11) and Masouredis (12), but Gibbs and Rosenfield (6) found that the quantitative "degree of expression" was under the strict genetic control of Rh genes and so was the interallelic depressive effect of R-1"2 -3. Within an extensive pedigree, identical genotypes were quantitatively identical for four different Rh antigens, whereas qualitatively similar genotypes in the general population varied over a significant range (6). Using a different method, Berkman et al. (13) confirmed these observations and extended the findings to the other blood groups.

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A Review of Rh Serology and Presentation of a New Terminology

Cited by 113 publications

References 63 publications

Relationship between Rh0(D) Zygosity and Red Cell Rh0(D) Antigen Content in Family Members*

Relationship between Rh0(D) Zygosity and Red Cell Rh0(D) Antigen Content in Family Members*

Immunoglobulin Isoantigens (Allotypes) in the Mouse

Genetic Model for the Rh Blood-Group System

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