A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode

Abstract

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most promising candidates of high‐energy‐density devices for advanced energy storage. However, the growth of dendrites greatly hinders the practical applications of LMBs in portable electronics and electric vehicles. Constructing stable and efficient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is among the most effective strategies to inhibit the dendrite growth and thus to achieve a superior cycling performance. In this review, the mechanisms of SEI formation and models of SEI structure are briefly summarized. The analysis methods to probe the surface chemistry, surface morphology, electrochemical property, dynamic characteristics of SEI layer are emphasized. The critical factors affecting the SEI formation, such as electrolyte component, temperature, current density, are comprehensively debated. The efficient methods to modify SEI layer with the introduction of new electrolyte system and additives, ex‐situ‐formed protective layer, as well as electrode design, are summarized. Although these works afford new insights into SEI research, robust and precise routes for SEI modification with well‐designed structure, as well as understanding of the connection between structure and electrochemical performance, is still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is highly required to enable the formation of robust SEI for highly efficient energy storage systems.

Why Do Lithium–Oxygen Batteries Fail: Parasitic Chemical Reactions and Their Synergistic Effect

“…Furthermore,this film is electronically insulating but allows for diffusion of Li + ,serving as aSEI layer. [53] Such af eature permits the use of Li anode for Li-O 2 test cells. However,nok nown stable SEI formation has been reported for certain electrolyte systems such as amides or DMSO.…”

“…[53] These reactions will enable the use of Li as an anode material. [19] Nevertheless,i ti si mportant to note that these SEI layers are only quasi-stable.D endritic Li growth during recharge still poses significant challenges.…”

Catalytic reduction of TFSI-containing ionic liquid in the presence of lithium cations

“…These features are strongly affected by the existence and properties of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) that is formed from decomposition products of the electrolyte [9]. Despite the high electrochemical stability of ILs, SEI formation has also been shown to be present in ILs [10].…”

Citric Acid Based Pre-SEI for Improvement of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

“…While lithium metal anodes are very appealing, dendrite formation after long term cycling results in significant safety concerns. [5][6][7] Therefore, the use of lithium alloying compounds has been intensively investigated over the last decade. Silicon is the most attractive alloying anode material due to its high theoretical capacity.…”