A Review of Stratigraphic, Geochemical, and Paleontologic Data of the Terrestrial End-Permian Record in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Neveling, Johann; Gastaldo, Robert A.; Kamo, Sandra L.; Geissman, J. W.; Looy, Cindy V.; Bamford, Marion K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40859-0_15

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Work on the PTME in the Karoo has included database-and literature-based studies (King, 1991;Irmis and Whiteside, 2012;Irmis et al, 2013;Fröbisch, 2013Fröbisch, , 2014Codron et al, 2017), as well as a great deal of fieldbased research encompassing vertebrate paleontology, paleobotany, palynology, ichnology, biostratigraphy, geochemistry, geochronology, and stratigraphy and sedimentology (e.g., Smith, 1995;MacLeod et al, 2000;Ward et al, 2000Ward et al, , 2005Smith and Ward, 2001;Hancox et al, 2002;Retallack et al, 2003;Schwindt et al, 2003;Steiner et al, 2003;De Kock and Kirschvink, 2004;Gastaldo et al, 2005Gastaldo et al, , 2014Gastaldo et al, , 2015Smith and Botha, 2005;Botha and Smith, 2006;Coney et al, 2007;Tabor et al, 2007;Gastaldo and Rolerson, 2008;Pace et al, 2009;Botha-Brink et al, 2014;Neveling et al, 2016;Viglietti et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Permo-triassic Extinction In the Karoo Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this scenario has become a key part of our understanding of how the PTME affected tetrapoddominated terrestrial communities (Benton and Newell, 2014), it has been the subject of several criticisms over the past decade. Challenges to the scenario include difficulties defining a consistent PTB using lithoand biostratigraphic data; geochronological and paleomagnetic data that suggest the traditional Permo-Triassic boundary in the Karoo is not contemporaneous with the boundary defined in the marine realm; alternative interpretations of sedimentary environments and continuity of deposition through the interval in question; the nature of environmental and floral changes through the interval; and questions about whether the faunal turnover between the Daptocephalus and Lystrosaurus assemblage zones meets the criteria necessary to be considered a mass extinction (Gastaldo et al, 2005(Gastaldo et al, , 2009(Gastaldo et al, , 2014(Gastaldo et al, , 2015Tabor et al, 2007;Gastaldo and Rolerson, 2008;Lucas, 2009Lucas, , 2017Pace et al, 2009;Prevec et al, 2010;Neveling et al, 2016;. Useful summaries of these criticisms can be found in Gastaldo et al (2017) and Neveling et al (2016).…”

Section: S Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Absolute paleocommunity ages are of interest because they provide insight into the timing of the loss of, and return to incumbency during and after the PTME. The ages of the fossil vertebrate assemblages of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Basin) were long based only on biostratigraphic correlations (e.g., Rubidge, 1995Rubidge, , 2005, but over the past decade, radiometric dates have become available that calibrate the ages of many of the Permian biostratigraphic assemblages (Coney et al, 2007;Fildani et al, 2007Fildani et al, , 2009Rubidge et al, 2013;Day et al, 2015;Gastaldo et al, 2015;Neveling et al, 2016). However, direct radiometric ages of the Triassic assemblage zones (i.e., the Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones) remain unavailable (although see Viglietti et al, 2018a Rubidge et al (2013) and Gastaldo et al (2015).…”

Section: Ages Of the Karoo Basin Paleocommunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological persistence, incumbency and reorganization in the Karoo Basin during the Permian-Triassic transition

Roopnarine¹,

Angielczyk²,

AllenWeik³

et al. 2018

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The geological persistence of biotic assemblages and their reorganization or destruction by mass extinctions are key features of long-term macroevolutionary and macroecological patterns in the fossil record. These events affected biotic history disproportionately and left permanent imprints on global biodiversity. Here we hypothesize that the geological persistence and incumbency of paleocommunities and taxa aremaintained by patterns of biotic interactions that favour the ecological persistence and stable coexistence of interacting species. Equally complex communities produced by alternative macroevolutionary histories, and hence of different functional structure, may support less stable species coexistence, and are therefore less persistent. However, alternative communities with the same functional structure as a persistent paleocommunity, but variable clade richnesses, tend to be as or more stable than observed palecommunities, thus demonstrating that geological persistence is not the result of constrained patterns, or ecological locking. Numerically modeled food webs for seven tetrapod-dominated paleocommunities spanning thetraditionally-recognized Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa, show that incumbency before the Permian-Triassic mass extinction was maintained by a dynamically stable, community-level system of biotic interactions, thereby supporting the hypothesis. The system’s structure was lostthrough successive extinction pulses, and replaced initially by a rich but geologically ephemeral Early Triassic fauna, which itself was replaced by a novel Middle Triassic community with renewed incumbency.The loss of persistence and incumbency, therefore, did not result simply from the extinction of species; instead the largest declines were accompanied by the addition of new species to the system in the earliest aftermath of the event. We therefore further hypothesize that ecological reorganization and evolutionary innovation in the wake of mass extinctions play key roles in the destruction of highly stable, preexisting systems of biotic interaction. In the case of the Karoo Basin paleocommunities, we estimate that a return tostable interactions, and thus incumbency, was achieved in approximately 4-17 Ma.

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Section: The Permo-triassic Extinction In the Karoo Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ages Of the Karoo Basin Paleocommunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological persistence, incumbency and reorganization in the Karoo Basin during the Permian-Triassic transition

Roopnarine¹,

Angielczyk²,

AllenWeik³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…An early Triassic age has been assigned to the upper most exposures of the Palingkloof Member and overlying Katberg Formation. Gastaldo et al (2015) and Neveling et al (2016aNeveling et al ( , 2016b argue that either the Permian-Triassic boundary must be preserved higher in the Katberg Formation or entirely missing, a situation similar to that reported at Senekal in the Free State where the succession is condensed and a significant diastem exists (Hancox et al, 2002).…”

Section: Daptocephalus and Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…1), and Ripplemead. Despite the number of localities where the vertebrate-defined boundary is inferred, no physical datum exists on which the PTB can be identified at, or correlated among, localities throughout the basin (Gastaldo et al, 2009(Gastaldo et al, , 2017Neveling, 2012, 2016;Neveling et al, 2016aNeveling et al, , 2016b. In addition, no facies relationships are published for any one of these localities that demonstrate their uniqueness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lithostratigraphic and Magnetostratigraphic Framework in a Geochronologic Context for a Purported Permian–triassic Boundary Section at Old (West) Lootsberg Pass, Karoo Basin, South Africa

Gastaldo

Neveling

Geissman

et al. 2017

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Current models of the terrestrial biosphere's response to the end-Permian crisis are based largely on lithostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic records obtained from sedimentary successions in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. These successions have been interpreted to represent continuous sedimentation across the upper Daptocephalus and lower Lystrosaurus vertebrate-assemblage zones, assigned to the Elandsberg Member and lower Palingkloof Member, and upper Palingkloof Member and overlying Katberg Formation, respectively. The stratigraphic section at Old (West) Lootsberg Pass, Eastern Cape Province, is used as a cornerstone for the currently accepted model correlated with the marine extinction event, in part, based on a magnetic polarity stratigraphy of limited documentation. Our current multidisciplinary effort provides a refined stratigraphic framework, encompassing over 740 m of measured section, compiled from 12 closely spaced and physically correlated localities across a northwest-to-southeast distance of less than 2 km. This framework is placed into magnetostratigraphic context and constrained by U-Pb isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) results for two horizons. The Old Lootsberg Pass succession does not record continuous sedimentation, as previously argued. Rather, the presence of several intraformational pedogenic-nodule conglomerate-lag deposits, a character used by other workers as diagnostic of the Katberg Formation, occurs in the Elandsberg Member ~100 m stratigraphically below the Katberg Formation. An interlaminated lithofacies, previously used as a diagnostic feature of the terrestrial extinction event, occurs isolated at several stratigraphic positions, indicating that it is neither unique nor mappable. A dominant signature of normal-polarity magnetozones in the section is interrupted by two, short, reverse-polarity intervals that are restricted to siltstone beneath erosional contacts with fluvial sandstones, indicating their cryptic nature in the succession. In addition, we report a Wuchiapingian maximum-age estimate for a detrital zircon population from a bed stratigraphically above a previously reported Early Changhsingian age estimate for these rocks. A comparison of the sedimentologic features of these deposits reveals that the bed from which the Changhsingian age is derived supports an ashfall interpretation rather than a reworked deposit from which the Wuchiapingian depositional age is derived. A synthesis of our observations from Old (West) Lootsberg Pass with global patterns reported from the marine realm leads to the conclusion that the turnover from the Daptocephalus to Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zones is not coincident with the end-Permian marine event. Hence, our results demonstrate that geochronometric constraints, where available, and a high-resolution sampling strategy for paleomagnetic context are essential to any research program when attempting to interpret patterns of biological turnover, replacement, and extinction in continental succ...

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Biostratigraphic significance and geometric morphometrics of Euestheria gutta (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata): An index fossil of continental Permian–Triassic transitional beds

et al. 2021

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The Permian-Triassic mass extinction was the largest biotic extinction event in the Phanerozoic and affected both marine and continental life. Marine Permian-Triassic transitional sequences can be correlated in many regions, but this has proved difficult for continental successions. A growing number of studies show that spinicaudatans are some of the most common fossils in continental strata and can be used as index fossils for continental stratigraphic division and correlation. Here we document the morphology and biostratigraphic significance of Euestheria gutta based on wellpreserved fossils from southwestern China. It shows strong intraspecific morphological variation, while the most important feature is the strongly convex larval valve and significant finely pitted to weakly reticulated ornamentation on the growth bands.Evidence from palaeobotany, charcoal, and organic carbon isotopes indicated that the continental mass extinction in southwestern China was marked by the catastrophic loss of tropical rainforest vegetation, enhanced wildfire and a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) during the P-Tr transition. Meanwhile, abundant E. gutta first appeared at the onset of the negative CIE and just above the horizon of the loss of macroflora. Based on the global geographic distribution of E. gutta and temporal correlation, we conclude that this species existed from the latest Permian to the earliest Triassic, and the occurrence of E. gutta could be used as an index fossil of the continental mass extinction interval or P-Tr transitional beds.

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A Review of Stratigraphic, Geochemical, and Paleontologic Data of the Terrestrial End-Permian Record in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Ecological persistence, incumbency and reorganization in the Karoo Basin during the Permian-Triassic transition

Ecological persistence, incumbency and reorganization in the Karoo Basin during the Permian-Triassic transition

A Lithostratigraphic and Magnetostratigraphic Framework in a Geochronologic Context for a Purported Permian–triassic Boundary Section at Old (West) Lootsberg Pass, Karoo Basin, South Africa

Biostratigraphic significance and geometric morphometrics of Euestheria gutta (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata): An index fossil of continental Permian–Triassic transitional beds

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