A review of survival estimates for raptors and owls

Newton, Ian; McGrady, Michael; Oli, Madan K.

doi:10.1111/ibi.12355

Cited by 80 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Potential effects of their violations have been assessed by sensitivity analyses or are discussed (Supplementary material Appendix 6). Our estimate of adult survival is consistent with the allometric equation regarding survival in diurnal raptors (Newton et al 2016). Fecundity was 3.71 (CRI = [3.65, 3.76]) fledglings per breeding attempt which is typical for kestrels breeding in nest boxes (Fig.…”

Section: Demographic Rates and Population Dynamics Of The Kestrel Popsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…the recruitment probability, α 2 is the adult breeding probability, γ t the breeding success in year t, i.e. Generally raptors show few difference in survival between sexes (Newton et al 2016). the mean number fledglings per successful broods in year t. In this formulation, γ t δ t is number of fledglings per breeding pair in year t, i.e.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated population model reveals that kestrels breeding in nest boxes operate as a source population

et al. 2019

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The identification of the source-sink status of a population is critical for the establishment of conservation plans and enacting smart management decisions. We developed an integrated population model to formally assess the source status of a kestrel Falco tinnunculus population breeding in nest boxes in Switzerland. We estimated juvenile and adult survival, reproduction and net dispersal (emigration/immigration) by jointly analyzing capture-recapture, dead recovery, breeding monitoring and population survey data. We also investigated the role of nest boxes on kestrel demography and assessed the contributions of vital rates to realized population growth rates. The results indicate that the kestrel population breeding in nest boxes has acted as a source over the 15 years of the study duration. A quantitative approach suggests that a substantial number of individuals have emigrated annually from this population likely affecting the population dynamics outside the management area. Variation in fecundity explained 34% of the temporal variability of the population growth rate. Moreover, a literature review suggests that kestrel pairs produce on average 1.4 chicks more per breeding attempt in nest boxes compared to natural open nests. Together, these findings suggest that fecundity was an important driver for the dynamics of this population and that nest boxes have contributed to its raise. Nest boxes are regularly used as an efficient tool for conservation management. We suggest that such a conservation action can result in the establishment of a source population being beneficial for populations both inside and outside the managed area.

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Section: Demographic Rates and Population Dynamics Of The Kestrel Popsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated population model reveals that kestrels breeding in nest boxes operate as a source population

et al. 2019

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“…This period of high mortality may contribute markedly to the relatively low first‐year survival of juveniles in many taxa (e.g., Maness and Anderson , Martin , Newton et al. ). Parental traits, post‐fledging parental care, and adaptations related to timing of breeding and the age and stage at which chicks fledge likely have substantial effects on the survival of young birds after fledging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐fledging survival of altricial birds: ecological determinants and adaptation

2016

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For altricial young, fledging is an abrupt step into an unknown environment. Despite increasing numbers of studies addressing the post-fledging period, our current knowledge of the causes and consequences of post-fledging survival remains fragmentary. Here, we review the literature on post-fledging survival of juvenile altricial birds, addressing the following main questions: Is low post-fledging survival a bottleneck in the altricial reproductive cycle? What is known of proximate and ultimate causal factors such as trophic relations (food and predation), habitat conditions, or abiotic factors acting in the post-fledging period? We analyzed weekly survival estimates from 123 data series based on studies of 65 species, covering weeks 1-13 post-fledging. As a general pattern, survival of fledglings was low during the first week post-fledging (median rate = 0.83), and improved rapidly with time post-fledging (week 4 median rate = 0.96). For ground-nesting species, survival immediately after leaving nests was similar to egg-to-fledging survival. For species breeding above-ground, survival during the first week post-fledging was substantially lower than during both the nestling period and later post-fledging stages. Thus, the early post-fledging period is a bottleneck of markedly elevated mortality for most altricial species. Predation was the main proximate cause of mortality. Various factors such as habitat, annual and seasonal variation in the environment, and the physical condition of fledglings have been found to affect post-fledging survival. Individual survival depended strongly on physical traits such as mass and wing length, which likely influence the ability of fledglings to escape predation. Trophic relationships at various levels are the main ultimate driver of adaptation of traits relevant to survival during the pre-and post-fledging periods. Spatiotemporal dynamics of food resources determine the physical development of juveniles and, in turn, their performance after fledging. However, predators can cause quick and efficient selection for fledgling traits and adult breeding decisions. Parental strategies related to clutch size and timing of breeding, and the age and developmental stage at which young fledge have substantial effects on post-fledging survival. The intensity and duration of post-fledging parental investment also influences fledgling survival. Post-fledging mortality is therefore not a random and inevitable loss. Traits and strategies related to fledging and the post-fledging stage create large fitness differentials and, therefore, are integral, yet poorly understood, parts of the altricial reproductive strategy. RESUMEN Supervivencia de aves altriciales luego de salir del nido: determinantes ecol ogicos y adaptaci on Para juveniles altriciales, salir del nido es un paso abrupto hacia un ambiente desconocido. A pesar del incremento en los estudios investigando el periodo posterior a la salida, nuestro conocimiento actual de las causas y consecuencias de la supervivencia luego de salir del n...

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“…Although measures of productivity are often readily quantifiable, survival rates, particularly of long‐lived, free‐ranging animals, can be very challenging to estimate (Newton et al . ). However, over recent decades, advances in tracking and modelling techniques have greatly facilitated the estimation of survival rates, with avian research being particularly active on this front (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Patterns and processes in shorebird survival rates: a global review

Méndez

Alves

Gill

et al. 2018

Ibis

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PortugalChanges in demographic rates underpin changes in population size, and understanding demographic rates can greatly aid the design and development of strategies to maintain populations in the face of environmental changes. However, acquiring estimates of demographic parameters at relevant spatial scales is difficult. Measures of annual survival rates can be particularly challenging to obtain because large-scale, long-term tracking of individuals is difficult and the resulting data contain many inherent biases. In recent years, advances in both tracking and analytical techniques have meant that, for some taxonomic groups, sufficient numbers of survival estimates are available to allow variation within and among species to be explored. Here we review published estimates of annual adult survival rates in shorebird species across the globe, and construct models to explore the phylogenetic, geographical, seasonal and sex-based variation in survival rates. Models of 295 survival estimates from 56 species show that survival rates calculated from recoveries of dead individuals or from return rates of marked individuals are significantly lower than estimates from mark-recapture models. Survival rates also vary across flyways, largely as a consequence of differences in the genera that have been studied and the analytical methods used, with published estimates from the Americas and from smaller shorebirds (Actitis, Calidris and Charadrius spp.) tending to be underestimated. By incorporating the analytical method used to generate each estimate within a mixed model framework, we provide method-corrected species-specific and genusspecific adult annual survival estimates for 52 species of 15 genera.

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A review of survival estimates for raptors and owls

Cited by 80 publications

References 131 publications

Integrated population model reveals that kestrels breeding in nest boxes operate as a source population

Integrated population model reveals that kestrels breeding in nest boxes operate as a source population

Post‐fledging survival of altricial birds: ecological determinants and adaptation

Patterns and processes in shorebird survival rates: a global review

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