“…ONPD detection is conducted while the equipment is live, requiring no de-energization or disruption of normal operation [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]; hence, the equipment is subjected to actual conditions that can affect PD activity such as HV stress, temperature, and vibration. On the other hand, OFPD detection is conducted with the equipment disconnected from the network, bringing a complete halt to normal operation [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], and requires the equipment to be energized via external means. OFPD can incur additional costs compared to ONPD because it requires the interruption of service, which can halt the operation of critical utilities that operate continuously.…”