A Review of the Applications, Environmental Release, and Remediation Technologies of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Meegoda, Jay N.; Kewalramani, Jitendra A.; Li, Brian; Marsh, Roger R.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17218117

Cited by 123 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…Although such methods do not degrade PFAS, these processes are considered as a rapid solution involving only the mass transfer of PFAS from one media to another. These approaches can process extremely large volumes of liquid possessing low PFAS concentrations (levels of ppt to ppb), with the drawback of demanding consequent disposal, generally by incineration in furnaces [26].…”

Section: Physical Separation Vs Advanced Oxidation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Induced Advanced Oxidation Processes as PFAS Remediation Methods: A Review

et al. 2021

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PFAS substances, which have been under investigation in recent years, are certainly some of the most critical emerging contaminants. Their presence in drinking water, correlated with diseases, is consistently being confirmed by scientific studies in the academic and health sectors. With the aim of developing new technologies to mitigate the water contamination problem, research activity based on advanced oxidation processes for PFAS dealkylation and subsequent mineralization is active. While UV radiation could be directly employed for decontamination, there are nevertheless considerable problems regarding its use, even from a large-scale perspective. In contrast, the use of cheap, robust, and green photocatalytic materials active under near UV-visible radiation shows interesting prospects. In this paper we take stock of the health problems related to PFAS, and then provide an update on strategies based on the use of photocatalysts and the latest findings regarding reaction mechanisms. Finally, we detail some brief considerations in relation to the economic aspects of possible solutions.

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Section: Physical Separation Vs Advanced Oxidation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Induced Advanced Oxidation Processes as PFAS Remediation Methods: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Increasing concern for human health and wildlife ecology derives from the thermal and chemical stability of PFAS molecules and the multiple routes through which humans and biota can be exposed during their lifetime [3][4][5][6][7]. Of note, while the PFAS family has rapidly expanded into an impressive number of more than 4700 different substances including both the "legacy PFAS" (i.e., PFOS, PFOA) and the "emerging PFAS" (e.g., GenX) [8,9] producers, decision makers as well as researchers try to gain insights on their impact and to find the most appropriate measures to mitigate the potential risks associated with their exposure. Common features of PFAS are represented by their chemical stability which causes environmental persistence [10], their high mobility which confers them a long-range transport potential [11] causing their pervasive spreading even into remote regions (e.g., the Arctic's or Antarctic's) [12][13][14] and their tendency to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in biota through the contamination of the food chains [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment

Panieri

Baralić

Đukić-Ćosić

et al. 2022

Toxics

221

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties and exceptional stability to chemical and thermal degradation. The unique properties of PFAS compounds has been exploited for almost 60 years and has largely contributed to their wide applicability over a vast range of industrial, professional and non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these compounds represent also a serious concern for both wildlife and human health as a result of their ubiquitous distribution, their extreme persistence and their bioaccumulative potential. In light of the adverse effects that have been already documented in biota and human populations or that might occur in absence of prompt interventions, the competent authorities in matter of health and environment protection, the industries as well as scientists are cooperating to identify the most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans and remediation technologies to mitigate PFAS impacts. In this review, starting from PFAS chemistry, uses and environmental fate, we summarize the current knowledge on PFAS occurrence in different environmental media and their effects on living organisms, with a particular emphasis on humans. Also, we describe present and provisional legislative measures in the European Union framework strategy to regulate PFAS manufacture, import and use as well as some of the most promising treatment technologies designed to remediate PFAS contamination in different environmental compartments.

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“…Aside from the primary sources of PFAS contamination, additional sources derive from the use and disposal of PFAScontaining products. Disposal by consumers is considered a minor source of environmental release (40,45,46). Once released into the environment, PFAS substances are subject to many different mechanisms that regulate their fate and transport across different compartments and ultimately determine the targeting of the final receptors, either humans or wildlife.…”

Section: Pfas Environmental Releases Distribution and Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine disruption by PFAS: A major concern associated with legacy and replacement substances

Panieri¹,

Buha-Đorđević²,

Saso³

2021

Arhiv za farmaciju

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Perand poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have been used for decades in a great variety of processes and products by virtue of their exceptional properties, versatility and chemical stability. Nevertheless, it is increasingly recognized that these substances can represent a serious hazard to human health and living organisms due to their persistence, long-range transport potential and tendency to accumulate in biota. For this reason, some efforts have been made across the EU to identify alternative molecules, with a shorter carbon chain and theoretically safer profile, that might replace the previous generation of legacy PFAS. Unfortunately, this strategy has not been entirely successful and serious concerns are still posed by PFAS in different human populations. Among others, an emerging aspect is represented by the adverse effects that both legacy and alternative PFAS can exert on the human endocrine system, with respect to vulnerable target subpopulations. In this review we will briefly summarize PFAS properties, uses and environmental fate, focusing on their effects on human reproductive capacity and fertility, body weight control and obesity as well as thyroid function.

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A Review of the Applications, Environmental Release, and Remediation Technologies of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Cited by 123 publications

References 181 publications

Light-Induced Advanced Oxidation Processes as PFAS Remediation Methods: A Review

Light-Induced Advanced Oxidation Processes as PFAS Remediation Methods: A Review

PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment

Endocrine disruption by PFAS: A major concern associated with legacy and replacement substances

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