A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type

Hungr, Oldrich; Evans, Stephen G.; Bovis, Michael J.; Hutchinson, John N.

doi:10.2113/gseegeosci.7.3.221

Cited by 941 publications

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“…Due to strong glacier retreat in recent years (Huggel and Delgado, 2000;Julio Miranda and Delgado Granados, 2003), the water equivalent of ice has significantly decreased to about 2.8 × 10 6 m 3 at present. In accordance with studies on sedimentological characteristics of recent lahars in the Huiloac gorge (Capra et al, 2004;Julio Miranda et al, 2005) and more general flow-type considerations (e.g., Pierson and Scott, 1985;Pierson and Costa, 1987;Hungr et al, 2001), a sediment concentration of 25 to 65% is assumed for potential lahars and hyperconcentrated flows. Hence, given the maximum water volume available from melting processes, a maximum flow volume of 3.7 × 10 6 m 3 to 8 × 10 6 m 3 results.…”

Section: Laharz For Popocatépetl Demsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of ASTER and SRTM DEM data for lahar modeling: A case study on lahars from Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

Huggel

Schneider

Miranda

et al. 2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

117

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Lahars are among the most serious and far-reaching volcanic hazards. In regions with potential interactions of lahars with populated areas and human structures the assessment of the related hazards is crucial for undertaking appropriate mitigating actions and reduce the associated risks. Modeling of lahars has become an important tool in such assessments, in particular where the geologic record of past events is insufficient. Mass-flow modeling strongly relies on digital terrain data. Availability of digital elevation models (DEMs), however, is often limited and thus an obstacle to lahar modeling. Remote-sensing technology has now opened new perspectives in generating DEMs. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of DEMs derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) for lahar modeling on Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico. Two GIS-based models are used for lahar modeling, LAHARZ and a flow-routing-based debris-flow model (modified single-flow direction model, MSF), both predicting areas potentially affected by lahars. Results of the lahar modeling show that both the ASTER and SRTM DEMs are basically suitable for use with LAHARZ and MSF. Flow-path prediction is found to be more reliable with SRTM data, though with a coarser spatial resolution. Errors of the ASTER DEM affecting the prediction of flow paths due to the sensor geometry are associated with deeply incised gorges with north-facing slopes. LAHARZ is more sensitive to errors of the ASTER DEM than the MSF model. Lahar modeling with the ASTER DEM results in a more finely spaced predicted inundation area but does not add any significant information in comparison with the SRTM DEM. Lahars at Popocatépetl are modeled with volumes of 1 × 10 5 to 8 × 10 6 m 3 based on ice-melt scenarios of the glaciers on top of the volcano and data on recent and historical lahar events. As regards recently observed lahars, the travel distance of lahars of corresponding volume modeled with LAHARZ falls short by 2 to 4 km. An important finding is that the travel distance of potential lahar events modeled with LAHARZ may differ by about 2 km when using SRTM or ASTER data because of varying lateral flow-volume distribution. As a consequence, verification and sensitivity analysis of the DEM is fundamental to deriving hazard maps from predicted modeled inundation areas. Because of the global coverage of this type of remote-sensing data, the conclusion that both SRTM and ASTER-derived DEMs are feasible for lahar modeling opens a wide field of application in volcanic-hazards studies.

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Section: Laharz For Popocatépetl Demsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluation of ASTER and SRTM DEM data for lahar modeling: A case study on lahars from Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

Huggel

Schneider

Miranda

et al. 2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

117

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“…The debris flows class defines all those water-laden mass of loose sediment and rock, canalized into stream channels. They rush down the slope by the erosion through the gullies and forming thick deposits at the base of the slope (Hungr et al 2001). Finally, debris avalanches are the moving down mass of rock and soil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between man-made environment and slope stability: the case of 2014 rainfall events in the terraced landscape of the Liguria region (northwestern Italy)

Giordan

Cignetti

Baldo

2017

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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In the autumn of 2014, a series of rainfall events affected several sectors of the Liguria region, triggering many shallow landslides and causing three casualties and severe structural damages. The most intensely unstable area covered 385 km 2 , in which more than 1600 landslides have been identified. After these events, an airborne Light Detection and Ranging survey was carried out. The survey yielded a high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) and aerial images that provided a means of identifying and mapping all the occurred landslides. The distribution analysis of slope instabilities highlighted the link with various human activities. In fact, the majority of the detected landslides occurred in man-modified areas. Geospatial and statistical analyses provided the identification of three main anthropic factors: terraces, their level of maintenance and road network. Moreover, they quantified their role in landslide triggering. These factors were not analysed as separate elements, but as a continuous process, overlapping in time, in man-made influence on landscape. The identification of such factors is a key element for a correct behaviour characterization of this landscape towards extreme flash floods events.

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“…7, the matrix compositions of the two soil samples from the 2015 landslide are compared with the compositions of earth flows, debris flows and mud flows from several areas of the world (Hungr et al, 2001). Hungr et al (2001) distinguished different materials involved in flow-like landslides on the basis of several As shown in Fig. 7, the matrix compositions of the 2015 landslide samples fall in the textural field of earth flows and mud flows, while debris flows typically contain less than 30% silt and finer particles.…”

Section: Geotechnical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A clear distinction can be made between extremely rapid processes such as debris flows, mud flows and debris avalanches and slow process such as earthflows (Hungr et al, 2001).…”

Section: Velocity Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling and characterization of a peculiar flow-like landslide

Ceccatelli

Gigli

Lombardi

et al. 2017

Geoenviron Disasters

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Background: On March 25th, 2015, a rapid landslide occurred upstream of the village of Gessi-Mazzalasino, in the municipality of Scandiano, affecting two buildings. Rapid landslides, due to their high velocity and mobility, can affect large areas and cause extensive damage. Considering the often unpredictable kinematics of landslides, the post-failure behavior has been studied by many authors to predict the landslide runout phase for hazard assessment. Findings: With the aim of characterizing the Gessi-Mazzalasino landslide, field surveys were integrated with the results of laboratory tests. The geometric characteristics (thickness, area and volume) and kinematic aspects of the landslide were estimated by using a laser scanning survey and geomorphological data. To model the landslide and obtain its rheological parameters, a back analysis of the event was performed by means of a depth-averaged 3D numerical code called DAN3D. The results of the back analysis of the landslide propagation were validated with field surveys and velocity estimations along selected sections of the landslide. Finally, potential areas prone to failure or reactivation were identified, and a new simulation was performed that considered the back-calculated rheological parameters. Conclusions: Rapid landslides are one of the most dangerous natural hazards and are one of the most frequent natural disasters in the world. Therefore, prediction of post-failure motion is an essential component of hazard assessment when a potential source of a mobile landslide it is located. To assess the risk affecting the area, both numerical and empirical methods have been proposed, in order to predict the runout phase of the phenomenon. For the numerical modelling of the landslide, carried out with DAN-3D code, the best results were obtained by using a Voellmy reological model, with a constant turbulence parameter (ξ) of 250 m/s 2 and a friction parameter (μ) comprised between 0.15 and 0.19. The rheological parameters obtained through dynamic back analyses were used to evaluate the propagation phase and the deposition areas of new potential landslides, that could affect the same area of the 25th March 2015 event. The predicted runout length obtained by the DAN3D software was compared to runout lengths predicted by the

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A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type

Cited by 941 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of ASTER and SRTM DEM data for lahar modeling: A case study on lahars from Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

Evaluation of ASTER and SRTM DEM data for lahar modeling: A case study on lahars from Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

Relationship between man-made environment and slope stability: the case of 2014 rainfall events in the terraced landscape of the Liguria region (northwestern Italy)

Numerical modeling and characterization of a peculiar flow-like landslide

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