A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Marraha, Farah; Faker, Ibtissam Al; Gallouj, S.

doi:10.1155/2020/9360476

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…1 Furthermore, compelling evidence has shown that the skin may be affected by the virus during the course of the infection. 1,2 An 85-year-old white man was admitted to Spallanzani Hospital because of interstitial pneumonia and severe respiratory insufficiency. Considering recently published data, the clinical cutaneous manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2 are rather widespread: they include, and are not limited to, varicella-like papulovesicular eruptions, different types of rashes, blistering lesions, livedo and necrosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering recently published data, the clinical cutaneous manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2 are rather widespread: they include, and are not limited to, varicella-like papulovesicular eruptions, different types of rashes, blistering lesions, livedo and necrosis. [2][3][4] The pathogenesis of the skin involvement in COVID-19 has not been clarified yet; indeed, several hypotheses have been proposed:…”

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confidence: 99%

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Severe palmar hyperkeratosis and hematochezia in COVID ‐19

Tammaro

Adebanjo

Chello

et al. 2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, which first appeared in China and then spread worldwide, raised several concerns related to daily and work activities due to the high infectious risk. 1 SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the beta coronaviruses family, through the expression of spike protein (S), is able to bind with high affinity the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which acts as an entry for the pathogen. 1 Clinical manifestations related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are variable, ranging from a flu-like syndrome with dry cough, sore throat and conjunctivitis, to dysgeusia and anosmia, up to

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe palmar hyperkeratosis and hematochezia in COVID ‐19

Tammaro

Adebanjo

Chello

et al. 2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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“…Also, AGEP was documented as rare adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment [2]. Similarly, a review done by Marraha et al about dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 infection found that the most skin rashes were acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules and pernio-like lesions followed by erythematous maculopapular lesions [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis After COVID‐19 Infection: A Case Report From Saudi Arabia

Alzahrani¹,

Moussa²,

Alfaraj³

2020

Cureus

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There is a dearth of robust evidence regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related coetaneous manifestations, complications and adverse treatment events. Upon review of the literature there are only a few cases reported of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) in COVID-19 patients after treatment. Therefore, we are reporting a case of a 34-year-old male not known to have any chronic illness. His severe COVID-19 infection resolved four days prior to presentation to the Emergency Department with pustular rash on erythematous base over his face, neck, upper limbs, anterior and posterior trunk including oral cavity and tounge. The rash started after he took azithromycin, oseltamivir, ribavirin, lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, prednisolone, ceftriaxone, clindamycin, interferon (IFN) beta, and ceftazidime for COVID-19. Skin punch biopsy was done and he was diagnosed with AGEP but it was still not known if it was related to COVID-19 or a drug-induced condition. Patient was treated with betamethasone valerate 0.1% ointment and lotion, promethazine hydrochloride 25mg tablet, paracetamol 500mg tablet, calcipotriol 50mcg/g and betamethasone 0.5mg/g gel. He discharged the same day to manage at home despite not improving. In the end, we found only a few studies that describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 infection, which were mainly case reports. We can't be sure that AGEP is a late and severe complication of COVID-19 infection. However, AGEP could be a rare adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine therapy. Improving the knowledge about a wide range of different signs and symptoms of the disease and its severity in addition to all possible adverse treatment events and complications can improve patient safety, survival rate, and quality of life.

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“…Human CoVs belong to Alphacoronavirus (HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E) and Betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, and HKU1) and genomic data from the literature allow to consider all human CoVs to have animal origin [ 12 ]. Gastrointestinal clinical symptoms and dermatitis have been less frequently described in non-fatal cases, while encephalitis with nervous symptoms has been reported sporadically in fatalities [ 279 , 280 , 281 ].…”

Section: Coronavirus Diseases In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Documentation of SARS-CoV-2 lesions in fatal cases is scarce due to the low number of postmortem examinations performed, making the pathogenesis of the disease still under investigation [ 279 ]. In studies performed on selected small case series, the main finding is represented by diffuse alveolar damage occasionally accompanied by microthrombi and vascular damage, the latter being described systemically in some cases [ 279 , 280 , 281 , 288 , 289 , 290 , 291 , 292 ]. Rarely, multinucleated pneumocytes have been detected [ 288 ].…”

Section: Coronavirus Diseases In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of Coronavirus Infections: A Review of Lesions in Animals in the One-Health Perspective

Zappulli

Ferro

Bonsembiante

et al. 2020

Animals

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are worldwide distributed RNA-viruses affecting several species, including humans, and causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Historically, they have not been considered a severe threat to public health until two outbreaks of COVs-related atypical human pneumonia derived from animal hosts appeared in 2002 and in 2012. The concern related to CoVs infection dramatically rose after the COVID-19 global outbreak, for which a spill-over from wild animals is also most likely. In light of this CoV zoonotic risk, and their ability to adapt to new species and dramatically spread, it appears pivotal to understand the pathophysiology and mechanisms of tissue injury of known CoVs within the “One-Health” concept. This review specifically describes all CoVs diseases in animals, schematically representing the tissue damage and summarizing the major lesions in an attempt to compare and put them in relation, also with human infections. Some information on pathogenesis and genetic diversity is also included. Investigating the lesions and distribution of CoVs can be crucial to understand and monitor the evolution of these viruses as well as of other pathogens and to further deepen the pathogenesis and transmission of this disease to help public health preventive measures and therapies.

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A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cited by 35 publications

References 69 publications

Severe palmar hyperkeratosis and hematochezia in COVID ‐19

Severe palmar hyperkeratosis and hematochezia in COVID ‐19

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis After COVID‐19 Infection: A Case Report From Saudi Arabia

Pathology of Coronavirus Infections: A Review of Lesions in Animals in the One-Health Perspective

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