A review of the ecology, colonization and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia, a prolific but avirulent poultry serovar in Australia

Duffy, Lesley L.; Dykes, Gary A.; Fegan, Narelle

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.024

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Lastly, S. Sofia, the most prevalent serovar in Oceania (Fig. 4B), presents very low outbreak prevalence on this continent and elsewhere, suggesting low virulence to humans (111). This serovar is rarely reported in countries other than Australia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…According to Pointon et al (114), from 1981 to 1985, chickens after processing in Australia presented a Sofia serovar prevalence rate of 32.8% concerning all isolated Salmonella, increasing to 90.3% in 2004. According to Duffy et al (111), the Sofia serovar presents several alterations in its SPI-1 to -5, ranging from whole gene deletions to insertions/deletions and point mutations. The main genetic variations found in S. Sofia compared to S. Typhimurium comprise SPI-1, SPI-3, and SPI-5, with SPI-2 and SPI-4 being relatively conserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Worldwide Epidemiology ofSalmonellaSerovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis

Ferrari

Rosário

Neto

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

421

264

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Salmonella spp. are among the most important foodborne pathogens and the third leading cause of human death among diarrheal diseases worldwide. Animals are the primary source of this pathogen, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Thus, understanding the global epidemiology of Salmonella serovars is key to controlling and monitoring this bacterium. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars in animalbased foods (beef, pork, poultry, and seafood) throughout the five continents (Africa, the Americas [North and Latin America], Asia, Europe, and Oceania). The meta-analysis consisted of a chemometric assessment (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis) to identify the main epidemiological findings, including the prevalence and diversity of the Salmonella serovars in each matrix. Regarding the serovar distribution, S. Typhimurium presented a cosmopolitan distribution, reported in all four assessed matrices and continents; poultry continues to play a central role in the dissemination of the Enteritidis serovar to humans, and Anatum and Weltevreden were the most frequently found in beef and seafood, respectively. Additionally, we recommended careful monitoring of certain serovars, such as Derby, Agona, Infantis, and Kentucky. Finally, given the scientific data regarding the most frequently reported serovars and which matrices constitute the main vehicles for the transmission of this pathogen, control programs may be improved, and specific interventions may be implemented in an attempt to reduce the risk of this pathogen reaching humans. IMPORTANCE Salmonellosis is caused by Salmonella spp. and is the third leading cause of death among food-transmitted diseases. This pathogen is commonly disseminated in domestic and wild animals, and the infection's symptoms are characterized by acute fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The animals are the primary source of salmonellae, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Therefore, data collected from these sources could contribute to future global interventions for effective control and surveillance of Salmonella along the food chain. In light of this, the importance of our research is in identifying the prevalence of Salmonella serovars in four animal-based food matrices (pork, poultry, beef, and seafood) and to evaluate the importance that each matrix has as the primary source of this pathogen to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Epidemiology ofSalmonellaSerovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis

Ferrari

Rosário

Neto

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

421

264

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, S. enterica subsp. salamae serovar Sofia is infrequently detected and has only been found in commercially produced broiler chickens in eastern Australia (43). It is also possible that other STs were viable but not cultivatable and thus were not captured by our isolation procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica Diversity in Central Californian Coastal Waterways

Walters

González-Escalona

Son

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bSalmonella enterica is one of the most important bacterial enteric pathogens worldwide. However, little is known about its distribution and diversity in the environment. The present study explored the diversity of 104 strains of Salmonella enterica isolated over 2 years from 12 coastal waterways in central California. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing were used to probe species diversity. Seventy-four PFGE patterns and 38 sequence types (STs) were found, including 18 newly described STs. Nineteen of 25 PFGE patterns were indistinguishable from those of clinical isolates in PulseNet. The most common ST was consistent with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and other frequently detected STs were associated with the serovars Heidelberg and Enteritidis; all of these serovars are important etiologies of salmonellosis. An investigation into S. enterica biogeography was conducted at the level of ST and subspecies. At the ST and subspecies level, we found a taxon-time relationship but no taxon-area or taxon-environmental distance relationships. STs collected during wet versus dry conditions tended to be more similar; however, STs collected from waterways adjacent to watersheds with similar land covers did not tend to be similar. The results suggest that the lack of dispersal limitation may be an important factor affecting the diversity of S. enterica in the region.

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“…The S. sofia has rarely been reported to be isolated from poultry in Australia, which the very low prevalence of Salmonella food poisoning linked to S. sofia suggests low virulence for humans (Duffy et al, 2011). A large percentage of poultry is colonized by salmonellas during grow-out, and the skin and meat of carcasses are frequently contaminated by the pathogen during slaughter and processing.…”

Section: Salmonella In Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%