A Review of the Effects of Row Spacing on Weed Management in Corn and Soybean

Bradley, Kevin W.

doi:10.1094/cm-2006-0227-02-rv

Cited by 28 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Also, soybean in 0.19– and 0.38‐m rows attained canopy closure (>95 light interception) at the R4 stage in 2010 and R5 stage in 2011, whereas soybean in 0.76‐m rows intercepted only 90% of the light at the R4 stage in 2010 and 87% of the light at the R5 and R6 stages in 2011. Increased light penetration into the canopy and slower time to canopy closure typically result in greater weed establishment in soybean (Bradley, 2006). Dalley et al (2004) also reported that soybean in 0.19‐ and 0.38‐m rows attained >98% canopy closure in 3 yr of a 4‐yr study, whereas soybean in 0.76‐m rows attained a maximum of only 84% in all 4 yr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planting Soybean With A Grain Drill Inconsistently Increases Yield And Profit

et al. 2012

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Growers can plant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with a grain drill or row crop planter, which can affect seed and weed control costs and yield. Farmers planted soybean with a drill in 0.19‐m rows and row crop planter in 0.38‐ and 0.76‐m rows at two seeding rates (420,000 and 321,000 seeds ha−1) in two field‐scale studies in New York to obtain agronomic information and conduct partial budget analyses to aid in future planter selection and purchase decisions. Soybean intercepted more light at flowering in 0.19 (65–70%) compared with 0.76‐m rows (50–55%), despite lower early plant establishment (∼70 and ∼85%, respectively) at both locations. At a no‐till location, 0.76‐m rows compared with narrower rows had greater weed density at full pod stage (19.7 vs. 6.3 and 5.1 weeds m−2) and weed biomass at harvest (13.7 vs. 6.6 and 7.3 g m−2, respectively) but similar yield (∼3.30 Mg ha−1). At a chisel tillage location, soybean in 0.19‐m rows at the recommended 420,000 seeds ha−1 yielded 4% more (4.27 Mg ha−1) than in 0.76‐m rows at the recommended 321,000 seeds ha−1 (4.11 Mg ha−1). Partial budget analyses indicated that soybean in 0.19‐m rows at 420,000 seeds ha−1 had ∼$30 ha−1 greater profit compared with 0.76‐m rows at 321,000 seeds ha−1. Partial budget analyses indicated that at present prices the 4% yield advantage offset purchasing and owning costs of a new drill and added seed costs, if planting 250 and 500 ha of soybean.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planting Soybean With A Grain Drill Inconsistently Increases Yield And Profit

et al. 2012

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“…These weeds could be a problem when managing crop protection chemicals to avoid herbicide resistance, but were not yield limiting (Donald and Johnson, 2003). Late‐emerging weeds are common in wider crop row spacings (Yelverton and Coble, 1991; Nelson and Renner, 1999; Bradley, 2006). The solar corridor success depends on weed control, a requirement that has been a concern in other research (Pavlista et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the central United States, planting full‐season corn in wide rows (76 cm) is usually sufficient for maximum yields compared to planting in narrow rows (<76 cm) (Lee, 2006), but limited research has evaluated ultra wide‐row corn (156 cm) using the solar corridor. Typically, row‐spacing studies recommend a narrow‐row spacing to close the canopy early, increase light interception and yields, reduce crop‐protection chemical use and production costs (Board et al, 1992; Nelson and Renner, 1999; Dalley et al, 2004; Bradley, 2006) and possibly avoid herbicide resistance. However, wide rows have been recommended to help manage diseases such as white mold [ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Corn Yield Response to the Solar Corridor in Upstate Missouri

Nelson

2014

Agronomy Journal

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The solar corridor uses ultra wide‐row (152‐cm) corn (Zea mays L.) and reduced seeding rates to maximize photosynthesis of lower leaves and maintain or increase yield potential of the crop. But in common practice, seeding rates for corn have increased and row spacing decreased for early canopy development to maximize light interception, reduce weed interference, reduce herbicide applications and costs, and maintain conservation compliance. However, wide rows help manage disease in some instances. Relay‐intercropping within the corn solar corridor may be an option. However, farmers must take into account crop management and harvest considerations for the system to be practical and economically viable. Research conducted in 2005, 2006, and 2011 evaluated corn hybrid response in 76‐ and 152‐cm (solar corridor) row spacings. Although grain yields were similar for both row spacings in 2005, yields were 2.8 Mg ha−1 (39%) greater in 76‐cm rows than in 152‐cm wide rows in 2006. In 2011, 76‐cm single‐row corn yielded 1.3 to 3.1 Mg ha−1 (14–31%) more than 152‐cm row spacing. In all 3 yr, grain moisture, protein, and starch concentration showed limited differences. Challenges encountered using the solar corridor must be addressed for the system to be consistent and successful.

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“…Increasing maize population density reduced the competitiveness of weeds and increased maize yield . Narrow row and other planting configurations also provided benefits for weed and pest management, as well as for increased yield potential in maize, cotton and soybean . Research from Canada demonstrated that increased crop seeding rates contributed to weed suppression in several crops and was used by growers as a weed control tactic …”

Section: Adoption Of Selected Iwm Strategies To Manage Hr Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89 Narrow row and other planting configurations also provided benefits for weed and pest management, as well as for increased yield potential in maize, cotton and soybean. 90,91 Research from Canada demonstrated that increased crop seeding rates contributed to weed suppression in several crops and was used by growers as a weed control tactic. 92,93 Planting configuration, specifically row width, also affects the crop canopy microclimate, which may change the crop morphology and resource utilization and improve weed management.…”

Section: Crop Population Density Planting Configuration and Plantingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated pest management and weed management in the United States and Canada

et al. 2014

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There is interest in more diverse weed management tactics because of evolved herbicide resistance in important weeds in many US and Canadian crop systems. While herbicide resistance in weeds is not new, the issue has become critical because of the adoption of simple, convenient and inexpensive crop systems based on genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crop cultivars. Importantly, genetic engineering has not been a factor in rice and wheat, two globally important food crops. There are many tactics that help to mitigate herbicide resistance in weeds and should be widely adopted. Evolved herbicide resistance in key weeds has influenced a limited number of growers to include a more diverse suite of tactics to supplement existing herbicidal tactics. Most growers still emphasize herbicides, often to the exclusion of alternative tactics. Application of integrated pest management for weeds is better characterized as integrated weed management, and more typically integrated herbicide management. However, adoption of diverse weed management tactics is limited. Modifying herbicide use will not solve herbicide resistance in weeds, and the relief provided by different herbicide use practices is generally short-lived at best. More diversity of tactics for weed management must be incorporated in crop systems.

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A Review of the Effects of Row Spacing on Weed Management in Corn and Soybean

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Planting Soybean With A Grain Drill Inconsistently Increases Yield And Profit

Planting Soybean With A Grain Drill Inconsistently Increases Yield And Profit

Corn Yield Response to the Solar Corridor in Upstate Missouri

Integrated pest management and weed management in the United States and Canada

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