A review of the evolution of technologies to use sulphur as a pavement construction material

Sakib, Nazmus; Bhasin, Amit; Islam, Md. Kamrul; Khan, Kaffayatullah; Khan, Muhammad Imran

doi:10.1080/10298436.2019.1612064

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1,2 However, because of the reduction in allowable sulfur in marine fuel by the International Maritime Organization as well as the development of sulfur-rich oil reserves, there is projected to be a near-term surplus in sulfur production. 3,4 As a result, many asphalt producers are aiming to add 8−12% elemental sulfur to bitumen. A separate trend that is also leading to an increase of sulfur content in bitumen is the use of ground or liquefied waste tire rubber as a bitumen modifier or extender in some U.S. states.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bitumen and elemental sulfur are major byproducts of oil and gas refining. Bitumen naturally contains 1–7% sulfur depending on the source of the crude oil and the refining process. , However, because of the reduction in allowable sulfur in marine fuel by the International Maritime Organization as well as the development of sulfur-rich oil reserves, there is projected to be a near-term surplus in sulfur production. , As a result, many asphalt producers are aiming to add 8–12% elemental sulfur to bitumen. A separate trend that is also leading to an increase of sulfur content in bitumen is the use of ground or liquefied waste tire rubber as a bitumen modifier or extender in some U.S. states. , The vast majority of refined bitumen is used as a binder in asphalt concrete for road construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elemental sulfur has been studied as a bitumen modifier for several decades either as a rubber compatibilizer − or in significant fractions (20–50%) as a bitumen extender, ,− to reduce material cost and crude oil consumption. Smaller amounts of added elemental sulfur (<15%) tend to plasticize bitumen and improve low-temperature performance; higher amounts lead to stiffening, partly because undissolved sulfur acts as a reinforcing filler. − Studies on sulfur-extended asphalt (SEA) compared to conventional bitumen show an increase in stiffness and rutting resistance and mixed results in fatigue and susceptibility to moisture damage. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Elemental Sulfur on the Aging Trajectory and Adhesion Characteristics of Rubber-Modified Bitumen

Hung

Fini

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This study examines the role of sulfur in rubber-modified bitumen and its response to ultraviolet (UV) exposure in terms of its viscoelasticity, creep recovery, healing behavior, surface chemical oxidation, and surface adhesion. Infrared spectroscopy showed a pronounced enrichment of oxidized sulfur and carbon compounds at the surface of sulfur-modified bitumen after mild heating and especially after UV irradiation. 3% added sulfur increased bitumen plasticity by all measures. UV aging marginally decreased bulk metrics of self-healing, but it severely diminished surface adhesion values, indicating that bulk metrics may not be able to accurately reflect crack-healing behavior if bitumen surfaces are prone to oxidative degradation.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Elemental Sulfur on the Aging Trajectory and Adhesion Characteristics of Rubber-Modified Bitumen

Hung

Fini

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Using sulfur as a bitumen extender (sulfur-extended asphalt, replacing 30−40% of bitumen by weight) reduces the consumption of a fossil fuel product and also lowers costs in cases where bitumen is the most expensive component of the composite. 10,11 Laboratory experiments performed on foamed sulfur asphalt (30/70%) have shown the stabilizing effect of this combination on the marginal soils for road applications. 12 However, interest waxed and waned with changing economic factors, and the idea of using sulfur as a bitumen extender has yet to see widespread adoption.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small amounts of dissolved sulfur in bitumen tend to increase its plasticity . Higher amounts of added sulfur can improve bitumen’s mechanical properties, ,, although it is unclear how much of this improvement is a result of the undissolved sulfur acting simply as a reinforcing filler. Based on the literature, , typically 20% of sulfur introduced to bitumen remains in a dissolved state, involved in chemical reactions with bituminous compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Implications of Regenerative Sulfur Blooms in Bituminous Composites

Mousavi

Hung

Fini

2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This paper investigates hydrophobic and self-regenerative characteristics of sulfur blooms at the surface of bituminous composites. It further examines the implication of sulfur blooms in the sustainability of outdoor construction elements containing bituminous composites. The occurrence of the abovementioned sulfur blooms is reported for the first time in this paper. The recent restriction on gaseous emissions from marine fuels has led refineries to remove sulfur from marine fuels resulting in a significant surplus of sulfur, some of which has been incorporated into bitumen such as the one studied here. Our study showed that over a period of several days sulfur blooms on the bitumen surface in millimeter-sized patches of microscale crystals. It was observed that blooms are regenerative and become more prevalent as bitumen goes through the oxidative aging process. Contact-angle measurements show that the bloom imparts roughness-enhanced hydrophobicity to the bitumen surface. We further studied the hydrophobicity of sulfur crystals using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that sulfur repels water molecules; water molecules were unable to make strong H-bonds with sulfur due to the lower electronegativity of sulfur atoms compared to oxygen atoms. It was also shown that sulfur has good interactions with polyaromatics such as those found in bitumen, which in turn deters sulfur crystallization. Reduced crystallization allows sulfur to easily migrate to the surface of bitumen and generate sulfur blooms patches. Due to the hydrophobic properties of sulfur blooms, the latter phenomenon can lead to a self-cleaning surface layer, which is continuously self-regenerated, while sulfur supply last in bitumen bulks provide that it is not crystallized. The study outcome promotes the sustainability of bituminous composites while increasing their durability and valorizing waste sulfur.

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Sulfur Polymer as Emerging Advanced Materials: Synthesis and Applications

2023

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Abundant availability of inexpensive sulfur coupled with its reactivity triggered the interest of scientific community to explore the unique chemistry of sulfur for developing advanced materials. The reactivity of sulfur diradicals is used for making copolymers with cross-linker monomer dienes through inverse vulcanization principle which is later upgraded by conducting reactions in presence of catalysts so as to achieve functionalized sulfur copolymers at lower reaction temperatures and lower time. Multi-component reactions provide an opportunity for the direct utilization of sulfur at mild conditions. The diverse processing methodologies have further expanded the applicability of sulfur polymeric materials. The dynamicity of the SÀ S bonds has potential to create avenue for making self-healing materials and usher the generation of more functionalized segmented block co-polymers with superior properties. Interfacial condensation polymerization has successfully been implemented for the generation of sulfur nanoparticles in aqueous medium. The recent emergence of sulfur quantum dots through various approaches generated more advanced sulfur based materials in terms of expanding sulfur applications. This review provides an account on advanced materials synthesized using sulfur as raw material and their respective applications.

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A review of the evolution of technologies to use sulphur as a pavement construction material

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of Elemental Sulfur on the Aging Trajectory and Adhesion Characteristics of Rubber-Modified Bitumen

Effects of Elemental Sulfur on the Aging Trajectory and Adhesion Characteristics of Rubber-Modified Bitumen

Sustainability Implications of Regenerative Sulfur Blooms in Bituminous Composites

Sulfur Polymer as Emerging Advanced Materials: Synthesis and Applications

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