A Review of the History and Role of UHMWPE as A Component in Total Joint Replacements

Musib, Mrinal

doi:10.5923/j.ijbe.20110101.02

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Syringes, body fluid containers, tubes, instruments, and closures are examples of medical polyolefin products that are valued for their degree of purity and low allergy potential. A high-molecular-weight PE is also used in high-performance applications such as acetabular implants, indicating the long-term biocompatibility [ 27 ]. The success of the materials is based on a balanced range of properties in terms of tailored mechanics and processability, low density, low water absorption, and chemical resistance to common polar solvents and many acids and bases [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Materials For Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic-Driven Development of a Medical-Grade, Economic and Decentralized Applicable Polyolefin Filament for Additive Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A polyolefin with certified biocompatibility according to USP class VI was used by our group as feedstock for filament-based 3D printing to meet the highest medical standards in order to print personal protective equipment for our university hospital during the ongoing pandemic. Besides the chemical resistance and durability, as well as the ability to withstand steam sterilization, this polypropylene (PP) copolymer is characterized by its high purity, as achieved by highly efficient and selective catalytic polymerization. As the PP copolymer is suited to be printed with all common printers in fused filament fabrication (FFF), it offers an eco-friendly cost–benefit ratio, even for large-scale production. In addition, a digital workflow was established focusing on common desktop FFF printers in the medical sector. It comprises the simulation-based optimization of personalized print objects, considering the inherent material properties such as warping tendency, through to validation of the process chain by 3D scanning, sterilization, and biocompatibility analysis of the printed part. This combination of digital data processing and 3D printing with a sustainable and medically certified material showed great promise in establishing decentralized additive manufacturing in everyday hospital life to meet peaks in demand, supply bottlenecks, and enhanced personalized patient treatment.

show abstract

Section: Materials For Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic-Driven Development of a Medical-Grade, Economic and Decentralized Applicable Polyolefin Filament for Additive Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Twelve well separated peaks of vitamin E and its transformation products are observed from the analytical HPLC chromatogram, see Figure 1 peaks A to L. These were subsequently isolated and a detailed characterisation of each of the isolated products was carried out using different spectroscopic methods as described below (see structures in Table 1 The main peak A, eluted at 13 min, was characterised as the parent compound vitamin E. The vitamin (dl α-Tocopherol) was fully characterised (using 1D NMR; 1 H and 13 C Pendant, 2D NMR; HSQC and HMBC, FTIR, UV and LC-MS) in order to use it as a reference compound to aid with the characterisation of the different transformation products. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of vitamin E are shown in Figure 2. The main signals that are used here for the purpose of analysis and characterisations of the transformation products are based on the groups attached to the phenol and the chroman rings.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Vitamin E and Its Transformation Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly crosslinked medical grade UHMWPE has been widely used as acetabular cup and Tibia component in total hip and knee arthroplasty (total joint replacements, TJR) [1], and the crosslinked polymer has replaced the initially used conventional (not crosslinked) UHMWPE due to significant improvements in wear resistance, a critically important property in prosthetic applications involving joints, leading to reduction in osteolysis [2,3]. Crosslinking of UHMWPE is typically achieved through the use of gamma irradiation [4] resulting in formation of free radicals in the amorphous phase of the polymer and their subsequent recombination, though some of the generated free radicals become trapped mostly in the crystalline phase [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E-stabilised UHMWPE for surgical orthopaedic implants: Quantification of vitamin E and characterisation of its transformation products

Al‐Malaika

Doudin

2016

Polymer Degradation and Stability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fate of vitamin E and the formation and identification of its transformation products were investigated at different stages of the manufacturing process of commercially produced cross-linked (by γ-irradiation) UHMWPE stabilised with vitamin E (vitamin E infused-post irradiation) used for tibia-components (as articulating surfaces) in total knee arthroplasty (total knee replacement). Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and its transformation products were extracted from microtomed Tibia films and the different products were separated, isolated, purified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and characterised by spectroscopic methods and LC-MS. The amount of vitamin E and that of the products formed in the different Tibia samples and in their extracts were also quantified using FTIR and HPLC analysis and calibration curves. Thorough analysis of the Tibia extracts has shown that a number of vitamin E transformation products were formed at different concentrations at two selected stages of the implant manufacturing process that is before and after sterilisation by γ-irradiation. The identified products were found to correspond mainly to different stereoisomeric forms of a small number of vitamin E transformation products. Most of the observed products were of dimeric and trimeric nature with their identity confirmed through a detailed study of their spectral and chromatographic characteristics. It was found that the products of vitamin E, prior to the sterilisation step but after the crosslinking and doping of vitamin E, were mainly the dihydroxydimers and trimers (Tibia samples at this stage are referred to as "Tibia-VEPE"). After sterilisation and completion of the manufacturing process, additional dimers of vitamin E were also formed (Tibia samples at this stage are referred to as 'Tibia-VEPE-Sterile'), Furthermore, two tocopherol-derived aldehydes (aldehyde 5formyl-γ-tocopherol and aldehyde 7-formyl-γ-tocopherol) were also formed but at very low concentrations especially in the Tibia-VEPE-Sterile samples. The question of whether vitamin E becomes chemically reacted (grafted) onto the polymer matrix during the manufacturing process of the Tibia is also addressed.

show abstract

“…Gamma or electron beam irradiation of PE in the solid state, for example, result in major improvements in its wear resistance and tensile properties at elevated temperatures. This observation was one of the drivers for using, for example, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE, in orthopaedic implants [1,2]. For electrical cables, a two-step process is typically used to crosslink the polymer, in which a silane molecule is grafted first onto the polymer followed by crosslinking through hydrolysis in the presence of a catalyst (PEX b material) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive antioxidants for peroxide crosslinked polyethylene

Al‐Malaika

Riasat

Lewucha

2017

Polymer Degradation and Stability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three synthesised reactive (graftable) antioxidants, r-AO, with hindered phenol and hindered amine antioxidant functions, were examined for their grafting efficiency in polyethylene and their retention and stabilising performance in peroxide-crosslinked polyethylene pipe material. Their level of grafting in uncrosslinked high density polyethylene, HDPE, and the extent of their retention in highly peroxidecrosslinked HDPE (PEX a) material (both laboratory prepared samples and PEX a pipes produced by commercial processes) were determined after stringent solvent extraction methodologies. The uniformity of distribution of the r-AOs in the PEX a pipes (across the length and thickness of the pipes) were examined using infrared-microscopy and compared with similarly produced PEX a pipes containing commercial antioxidants having the same antioxidant functions. The extent of interference of the graftable hindered phenol and hindered amine antioxidants with the peroxide crosslinking process in the PEX a materials was assessed by comparing the level of crosslinking achieved against analogously prepared samples containing a conventional hindered phenol antioxidant (Irganox 1076). The results obtained showed that the presence of the graftable (r-AOs) antioxidants did not affect the level of crosslinking of the PEX a pipes which remained high (>85%) and that they were retained to a very high extent in the PEX a material after solvent extraction, and are very uniformly distributed across the length and thickness of PEX a pipes. The long-term stabilising performance of the graftable r-AOs in the PEX a material (in both laboratory prepared samples and in peroxide crosslinked pipes produced by commercial processes) was also examined using complimentary methods: oxidative induction time (OIT) before and after solvent extraction, physical embrittlement following oven ageing at 125 o C, as well as by a hydrostatic pressure tests conducted (with water inside and air outside) at 115 o C and 2.5 MPa pressure. The stabilising efficacy of the r-AOs was compared with that of conventionally stabilised PEX a material containing analogous antioxidant functions produced in the same way. The level of retention (in the pipes) of the graftable antioxidants and their long-term stabilising performance was shown to be significantly higher than that of the conventional AOs under all the test conditions used here.

show abstract

A Review of the History and Role of UHMWPE as A Component in Total Joint Replacements

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Pandemic-Driven Development of a Medical-Grade, Economic and Decentralized Applicable Polyolefin Filament for Additive Fused Filament Fabrication

Pandemic-Driven Development of a Medical-Grade, Economic and Decentralized Applicable Polyolefin Filament for Additive Fused Filament Fabrication

Vitamin E-stabilised UHMWPE for surgical orthopaedic implants: Quantification of vitamin E and characterisation of its transformation products

Reactive antioxidants for peroxide crosslinked polyethylene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About